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Encyclopedia Britannica



GUJARAT

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 709 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GUI-HAN
GUJARAT or GUZERAT, a region of India, in the Bombay Presidency. In the widest sense of the name it includes the whole of the country where the
Gujarati
  language is spoken, i.e. the northern districts and states of the Presidency from Palanpur to
Damaun
 , with Kathiawar and
Cutch
 . But it is more properly confined to the country north of the Nerbudda and
east
  of the Rann of
Cutch
  and Kathiawar. In this sense it has an area of 29,071 sq. m., with a population in 1901 of 4,798,504. It includes the states distributed among the agencies of Palanpur, Mahi Kantha, Rewa Kantha and Cambay, with most of Baroda and the British districts of Ahmedabad, Kaira, Panch Mahals and Broach. Less than one-fourth is British territory. The region takes its name from the Gujars, a tribe who passed into India from the north-west, established a kingdom in Rajputana, and spread
south
  in A.D. 400600. The ancient Hindu
capital
  was Anhilvada; the Mahommedan dynasty, which ruled from 1396 to 1572, founded Ahmedabad, which is still the largest city; but Gujarat owed much of its historical importance to the seaports of Broach, Cambay and Surat. Its fertile plain, with a regular rainfall and numerous rivers, has caused it to be styled the " garden of India." It suffered, however, severely from the
famine
  of 18991901. For an account of the history, geography, &c., of Gujarat see the articles on the various states and districts. Gujarat gives its name to the vernacular of northern Bombay, viz.
Gujarati
 , one of the three
great
  languages of that Presidency, spoken by more than 9 millions. It has an ancient literature and a peculiar character. As the language of the Parsis it is prominent in the Bombay
press
 ; and it is also the commercial language of Bombay city, which lies outside the territorial area of Gujarat.
See J. Campbell, History of Gujarat (Bombay, 1896) ; Sir E. C. Bayley, The Muhammedan Kingdom of Gujarat (1886); A. K. Forbes, Ras Melia (1856).


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