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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GUI-HAN |
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GUIPUZCOA , a maritime province of northern Spain, included among the Basque provinces, and bounded on the N. by the Bay of Biscay; W. by the province of Biscay (Vizcaya); S. and S.E. by. Alava and Navarre: and N.E. by the river Bidassoa,' A small island in the Bidassoa, called La Isla de los Faisanes, or l'Isle de la Conference, is celebrated as the place where the marriagewhich separates it from France. Pop. (igloo), 195,850; area, 728 sq. m. Situated on the northern slope of the great Cantabrian chain at its junction with the Pyrenees, the province has a great variety of surface in mountain, hill and valley; and its scenery is highly picturesque. The coast is much indented, and has numerous harbours, but none of very great importance; the chief
chief
mineral
supply the neighbouring provinces with cod, tunny, sardines and oysters; and the average yearly value of the coasting trade exceeds 400,000. By Irun, Pasajes and the frontier roads 4,000,000 of imports and 3,000,000 of exports pass to and from France, partly in transit for the rest of Europe. Apart from the four Catalan provinces, no province has witnessed such a development of local industries as Guipilzcoa. The principal industrial centres are Irun, Renteria, Villabona, Vergara and Azpeitia for cotton
paper , glass, chemicals and saw-mills; Tolosa for paper , timber, cloths and furniture; and the banks of the bay of Pasajes for the manufacture of liqueurs of every kind, and the preparation of wines for export and for consumption in the interior of Spain. This last industry occupies several thousand French and Spanish workmen. An arsenal was established at Azpeitia during the Carlist rising of 18701874; but the manufacture of ordnance and gunpowder was subsequently discontinued. The main line of the northern railway from Madrid to France runs through the province, giving access, by a loop line, to the chief industrial centres. The custom-house
capital (pop. 1900, 37,812), the chief towns are Fuenterrabia (4345) and Irun (9912). Other towns with more than 6000 inhabitants are Azpeitia (6o66), Eibar (6583), Tolosa (81II) and Vergara (6196). Guipuzcoa is the smallest and one of the most densely peopled provinces of Spain; for its constant losses by emigration are counterbalanced by a high birth
who are attracted by its industrial prosperity. For an account of its inhabitants and their customs, language and history, see BASQUES and BASQUE PROVINCES. End of Article: GUIPUZCOA If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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