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Encyclopedia Britannica



GUILLOCHE

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 694 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GUI-HAN
GUILLOCHE , a French word for an
ornament
 , either painted or carved, which was one of the
principal
  decorative bands employed"by the Greeks in their temples or on their vases. Guilloches are single,
double
  or triple; they consist of a
series
  of circles equidistant one from the other and enclosed in a band which winds round them and interlaces. This guilloche is of Asiatic origin and was largely employed in the decoration of the Assyrian palaces, where it was probably copied from Chaldaean
work
 , as there is an early example at
Erech
  which
dates
  from the time of Gudea (2294 B.C.). The
ornament
  as painted by the Greeks has almost entirely disappeared, but traces are found in the temple of Nemesis at Rhamnus; and on the terra-cotta slabs by which the timber roofs of Greek temples were protected, it is painted in colours which are almost as brilliant as when first produced, those of the Treasury of
Gela
  at Olympia being of
great
  beauty. These examples are
double
  guilloches, with two rows of circles, each with an independent interlacing band and united by a small arc with palmette inside; in both the single and double guilloches of Greek
work
  there is a flower in the centre of the circles. In the triple guilloche, the centre row of circles comes half-way between the others, and the enclosing band crosses diagonally both ways, interlacing alternately. The best example of the triple guilloche is that which is carved on the torus moulding of the base and on the small
convex
  moulding above the echinus of the capitals of the columns of the Erechtheum at Athens. It was largely employed in Roman work, and the single guilloche is found almost universally as a border in mosaic pavements, not only in Italy but throughout Europe. In the
Renaissance in Italy it was also a favourite enrichment for borders and occasionally in France and England.


End of Article: GUILLOCHE


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