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Encyclopedia Britannica



GUIENNE

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 690 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GUI-HAN
GUIENNE , an old French province which corresponded roughly to the Aquitania Secunda of the Romans and the arch-
bishopric of Bordeaux. In the 12th century it formed with Gascony the duchy of Aquitaine, which passed under the dominion of the kings of England by the
marriage
  of Eleanor of Aquitaine to
Henry
  II.; but in the 13th, through the con-quests of Philip
Augustus
 , Louis VIII. and Louis IX., it was confined within the narrower limits fixed by the treaty of Paris (1259). It is at this point that Guienne becomes distinct from Aquitaine. It then comprised the Bordelais (the old countship of Bordeaux), the Bazadais, part of Perigord,
Limousin
 , Quercy and Rouergue, the Agenais ceded by Philip III. (the Bold) to Edward I. (1279), and (still united with Gascony) formed a
duchy extending from the
Charente
  to the Pyrenees. This duchy was held on the terms of homage to the French kings, an onerous
obligation
 ; and both in 1296 and 1324 it was confiscated by the kings of France on the ground that there had been a failure in the feudal duties. At the treaty of Bretigny (1360) Edward III. acquired the full sovereignty of the duchy of Guienne, together with Aunis,
Saintonge
 , Angoumois and Poitou. The victories of du Guesclin and Gaston Phoebus, count of Foix, restored the duchy soon after to its 13th-century limits. In 1451 it was conquered and finally united to the French crown by Charles VII. In 1469 Louis XI. gave it in exchange for Champagne and Brie to his brother Charles, duke of
Berry
 , after whose death in 1412 it was again united to the royal dominion. Guienne then formed a government which from the 17th century onwards was united with Gascony. The government of Guienne and Gascony, with its
capital
  at Bordeaux, lasted till the end of the ancien regime. Under the Revolution the departments formed from Guienne proper were those of Gironde, Lot-et-Garonne, Dordogne, Lot, Aveyron and the
chief
  part of Tarn-et-Garonne.


End of Article: GUIENNE


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