GUERIN, PIERRE NARCISSE, BARON (1774-1833)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 671 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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GUERIN, PIERRE NARCISSE, BARON (1774-1833) , French painter, was born at Paris on the 13th of May 1774. Becoming a pupil of jean Baptiste

Regnault

, he carried off one of the three " grands prix " offered in 1796, in consequence of the competition not having taken place since 1793. The pension was not indeed re-established, but Guerin fulfilled at Paris the conditions imposed upon a pensiennaire, and produced various works, one of which brought him prominently before the public. This work, "Marcus Sextus " (Louvre), exhibited at the Salon of 1799, excited wild enthusiasm, partly due to the subject,a victim of Sulla's proscription returning to Rome to find his wife dead and his

house

in mourningin which an allusion was found to the actual
poet or painter has rendered so well the feeling for naturethe feeling not so much for details as for the ensemble and the divine universality, the feeling for the origin of things and the sovereign principle of life."
The name of EUGENIE DE GUERIN (1805-1848), the sister of Maurice, cannot be omitted from any notice of him. Her Journals (1861, Eng. trans., 1865) and her Lettres (1864, Eng. trans., 1865) indicated the possession of gifts of as rare an order as those of her brother, though of a somewhat different kind. In her case mysticism assumed a form more strictly religious, and she continued to mourn her brother's loss of his early Catholic faith. Five years older than he, she cherished a love for him which was blended with a somewhat motherly anxiety. After his death she began the collection and publication of the scattered fragments of his writings. She died, however, on the 31st of May 1848, before her task was completed.
situation of the emigres. Guerin on this occasion was publicly crowned by the president of the Institute, and before his departure for Rome (on the re-

establishment

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement,
late
- LATE
Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

of the Ecole under Suvee) a banquet was given to him by the most distinguished artists of Paris. In 1800, unable to remain in Rome on account of his health, he went to Naples, where he painted the " Grave of Amyntas." In 1802 Guerin produced "Phaedra and Hippolytus" (Louvre); in 181o, after his return to Paris, he again achieved a great success with " Andromache and Pyrrhus " (Louvre); and in the same year also exhibited " Cephalus and Aurora" (Collection Sommariva) and"Bonaparte and the Rebels of Cairo" (

Versailles

VERSAILLES

). The Restoration brought to Guerin fresh honours; he had received from the first

consul

in 1803 the cross of the Legion of Honour, and in 1815 Louis XVIII. named him Academician. The success of Guerin's " Hippolytus " of " Andromache," of " Phaedra " and of " Clytaemnestra" (Louvre) had been ensured by the skilful selection of highly melodramatic situations, treated with the strained and pompous dignity proper to the art of the first empire; in " Aeneas relating to

Dido

DIDO, or ELISSA

the disasters of Troy" (Louvre), which appeared side by side with " Clytaemnestra " at the Salon of 1817, the influence of the Restoration is plainly to be traced. In this work Guerin sought to captivate the public by an appeal to those sensuous charms which he had previously rejected, and by the introduction of picturesque elements of

interest

INTEREST

. But with this work Guerin's public successes came to a close. He was, indeed, commissioned to paint for the Madeleine a scene from the history of St Louis, but his health prevented him from accomplishing what he had begun, and in 1822 he accepted the post of director of the Ecole de Rome, which in 1816 he had refused. On returning to Paris in 1828, Guerin, who had previously been made chevalier of the order of St Michel, was ennobled. He now attempted to complete " Pyrrhus and Priam," a work which he had begun at Rome, but in vain; his health had finally broken down, and in the hope of improvement he returned to Italy with

Horace

HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Vernet. Shortly after his arrival at Rome Baron Guerin died, on the 6th of July 1833, and was buried In the church of La Trinita de' Monti by the side of Claude Lorraine.
A careful analysis and criticism of his principal works will be found in Meyer's Geschichte der franzosischen Malerei.

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