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Encyclopedia Britannica



GUELDER ROSE

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 668 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GRA-GUI
GUELDER ROSE , so called from Guelderland, its supposed source, termed also marsh elder, rose elder, water elder (Ger. Wasserholder, Schneeball; Fr. viorne-obier, l'obier d'Europe), known botanically as Viburnum Opulus, a shrub or small tree of the natural order
Caprifoliaceae
 , a native of Britain, and widely distributed in the temperate and colder parts of Europe,
Asia
  and North America. It is common in Ireland, but rare in
Scotland
 . In height it is from 6 to 12 ft., and it thrives best in moist situations. The leaves are smooth, 2 to 3 in. broad, with 3 to 5 unequal serrate lobes, and glandular stipules adnate to the stalk. In autumn the leaves
change
  their normal
bright
  green for a
pink
  or crimson hue. The
flowers
 , which appear in June and July, are small, white, and arranged in cymes 2 to 4 in. in
diameter
 . The outer blossoms in the wild plant have an enlarged corolla, 4 in. in
diameter
 , and are devoid of stamens or pistils; in the common cultivated variety all the
flowers
  are sterile and the inflorescence is globular, hence the term " snow-ball tree " applied to the plant, the
appearance
  of which at the time of flowering has been prettily described by Cowper in his Winter Walk at
Noon
 . The guelder rose bears juicy, red, elliptical berries, a in. long, which ripen in September, and contain each a single compressed seed. In northern Europe these are eaten, and in Siberia, after fermentation with flour, they are distilled for spirit. The plant has, however, emetic, purgative and narcotic properties; and Taylor (Med. Jurisp. i. 448, 2nd ed., 1873) has recorded an instance of the fatal poisoning of a child by the berries. Both they and the bark contain valerianic acid. The woody shoots of the guelder rose are manufactured into various small articles in Sweden and Russia. Another member of the genus, Viburnum, Lantana, wayfaring tree, is found in dry copses and hedges in England, except in the north.


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