Our navigation bar is loading . . .

Helping San Diego, California and beyond since 1997.

Do you need volunteer, community service, work, military or court hours?

Click here and add this page to your favorites!

Encyclopedia Britannica

GUANIDINE, CN3H5

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 651 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GRA-GUI

GUANIDINE, CN3H5 or HN: C(NH2)2, the amidine of amidocarbonic acid. It occurs in beet juice. It was first prepared in 1861 by A. Strecker, who oxidized guanine with hydrochloric acid and potassium chlorate. It may be obtained synthetically by the action of ammonium iodide on

cyanamide

CYANAMIDE

, CNNH2+ NI14I=CN3H5HI; by

heating

HEATING

ortho-carbonic esters with

ammonia

AMMONIA (NH3)

toso C.; but best by

heating

HEATING

ammonium thiocyanate to 18o-190 C., when the thiourea first formed is converted into

guanidine

GUANIDINE, CN3H5

thiocyanate, 2CS(NH2)2=HN: C(NH2)2HCNS+H2S. It is a colourless crystalline solid, readily soluble in water and

alcohol

ALCOHOL

; it deliquesces on exposure to air. It has strong basic properties, absorbs carbon dioxide readily, and forms well-defined crystalline salts. Baryta water hydrolyses it to urea. By direct

union

with glycocoll acid, it yields glycocyamine, NH2(HN): CNHCH2CO2H, whilst with methyl glycocoll (sarcosine) it forms creatine, NH2(NH): CN(CH3)CH2CO2H.
Many derivatives of

guanidine

GUANIDINE, CN3H5

were obtained by J. Thiele (Ann., 1892, 270, p. I ; 1893, 273, p. 133; Ber., 1893, 26, pp. 2598, 2645). By the action of nitric acid on guanidine in the presence of sulphuric acid, nitroguanidine, HN:C(NH2)NH.NO2 (a substance possessing acid properties) is obtained; from which, by reduction with

zinc

ZINC

dust, amidoguanidine, HN:C(NH2)NHNH2, is formed. This amidoguanidine decomposes on

hydrolysis

HYDROLYSIS (Gr. 6Swp, water, Anew, to loosen)

with the formation of semicarbazide, NH2CONHNH2, which, in its turn, breaks down into carbon dioxide,

ammonia

AMMONIA (NH3)

and hydrazine. Amidoguanidine is a

body

BODY

of hydrazine type, for it reduces gold and silver salts and yields a benzylidine derivative. On oxidation with potassium permanganate, it gives azodicarbondiamidine nitrate, NH2 (HN) : C.N: NC:(NH)NH2.2HNO3, which,when reduced by sulphuretted hydrogen, is converted into the corresponding hydrazodicarbondiamidine, NH2(HN):CNHNHC:(NH)NH2. By the action of nitrous acid on a nitric acid solution of amidoguanidine, diazoguanidine nitrate, NH2(HN):CNHN2NO3, is obtained. This diazo compound is decomposed by

caustic

CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

alkalis with the formation of

cyanamide

CYANAMIDE

and hydrazoic acid, CH4N5NO3=N3Hd-CNNH2+ HNO3, whilst acetates and carbonates convert it into amidotetra-
NN.
zotic acid, H2NC II . Amidotetrazotic acid yields addition
\NHN
compounds with amines, and by the further action of nitrous acid yields a very explosive derivative, diazotetrazol, CN6. By fusing guanidine with urea, dicyandiamidineH2N(HN):CNHCONH2,is formed.

End of Article: GUANIDINE, CN3H5

If you wish, you can link directly to this article.

<a href="http://jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia/GRA_GUI/GUANIDINE_CN3H5.html">
GUANIDINE, CN3H5
</a>

(Previous)
GUANCHES, GUANCHIS

(Next)
GUANO (a Spanish word from the Peruvian huanu, ...

JCSM was founded in 1997 and exists to help the community and bring people into a life-changing and productive relationship with Jesus Christ. JCSM offers over 200,000 free web pages, including its weekly inspirational emails that were sent continuously for over a decade.

Jesus Christ Saves Ministries
P.O. Box 9297
San Diego, CA 92169
1-888-887-0417 or Email