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Encyclopedia Britannica



GUANAJUATO, or SANTA FE DE GUANAJUATO

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 650 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GRA-GUI
GUANAJUATO, or SANTA FE DE GUANAJUATO , a city of
Mexico
  and
capital
  of the above state, 155 M. (direct) N.W. of the Federal
capital
 , on a small tributary of the Rio Grande de Lerma or Santiago. Pop. (1895) 39,404; (1900) 41,486. The city is built in the Canada de Marfil at the junction of three ravines about 6500 ft. above the sea, and its narrow, tortuous streets rise steeply as they follow the ravines upward to the mining villages clustered about the opening of the mines in the hillsides.
Guanajuato
  is sometimes described as a collection of mining villages; but in addition there is the central city with its crowded winding streets, its substantial old Spanish buildings, its fifty ore-crushing mills and busy factories and its bustling commercial life. Enclosing the city are the steep, barren mountain sides honeycombed with mines.. The climate is semi-tropical and is considered healthy. The noteworthy public buildings and institutions are an interesting old Jesuit church with arches of
pink
  stone and delicate carving, eight monasteries, the government palace, a mint dating from 1812, a national college, the fine Teatro
Juarez
 , and the Pantheon, or public cemetery, with catacombs below. The Alhondiga de Granaditas, originally a public granary, was used as a fort during the War of Independence, and is celebrated as the scene of the first battle (181o) in that
long
  struggle. Among the manufactures are cottons, prints, soaps, chemicals, pottery and silverware, .but mining is the
principal
 
interest
  and occupation of the population. The silver mines of the vicinity were
long
  considered the richest in
Mexico
 , the celebrated Veta Madre (mother lode) even being described as the richest in the world; and
Guanajuato
  has the largest reduction works in Mexico. The railway outlet for the city consists of a short branch of the Mexican Central, which joins the trunk line at Silao. Guanajuato was founded in 1554. It attained the dignity of a city in 1741. It was celebrated for its vigorous resistance to the invaders at the time of the Spanish conquest, and was repeatedly sacked during that war.


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