GUANAJUATO, or GUANAXUATO

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 650 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GRA-GUI

GUANAJUATO, or GUANAXUATO , an inland state of

Mexico

, bounded N. by Zacatecas and San Luis

Potosi

POTOSI

, E. by Queretaro, S. by Michoacan and W. by Jalisco. Area, 11,370 sq. m. It is one of the most densely populated states of the republic; pop. (1895) 1,047,817; (1900) 1,061,724. The state lies wholly within the limits of the great central plateau of

Mexico

, and has an average '

elevation

ELEVATION

of about 6000 ft. The surface of its northern half is broken by the Sierra Gorda and Sierra de

Guanajuato

GUANAJUATO, or GUANAXUATO
GUANAJUATO, or SANTA FE DE GUANAJUATO

, but its southern half is covered by fertile plains largely devoted to agriculture. It is drained by the Rio Grande de Lerma and its tributaries, which in places flow through deeply eroded valleys. The climate is semi-tropical and healthy, and the rainfall is sufficient to insure good results in agriculture and stock-raising. In the warm valleys sugar-cane is grown, and at higher elevations Indian corn, beans, barley and wheat. The southern plains are largely devoted to stock-raising.

Guanajuato

GUANAJUATO, or GUANAXUATO
GUANAJUATO, or SANTA FE DE GUANAJUATO

has suffered much from the destruction of its forests, but there remain some small areas on the higher elevations of the north. The principal industry of the state is mining, the

mineral

MINERAL

wealth of the mountain ranges of the north being enormous. Among its

mineral

MINERAL

products are silver, gold, tin, lead, mercury, copper and opals. Silver has been extracted since the early days of the Spanish conquest, over $800,000,000 having been taken from the mines during the subsequent three and a half centuries. Some of the more productive of these mines, or groups of mines, are the Veta Madre (mother lode), the San Bernabe lode, and the Rayas mines of Guanajuato, and the La Valenciana mine, the output of which is said to have been $226,000,000 between 1766 and 1826. The manufacturing establishments include flour mills, tanneries and manufactories of leather,

cotton

COTTON
COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
LYNCH
- LYNCH, PATRICIO (1825–1886)
_181.html">COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD
LYNCH
- LYNCH, PATRICIO (1825–1886)
(1813–1866)
COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

and woollen mills, distilleries, foundries and potteries. The Mexican Central and the Mexican National railway lines cross the state from N. to S., and the former operates a short branch from Silao to the state

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

and another westward from Irapuato to Guadalajara. The

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

is Guanajuato, and other important cities and towns are Leon, or Leon de las Aldamas; Celaya (pop. 25,565 in 1900), an important railway junction 22 M. by rail W. from Queretaro, and known for its manufactures of broadcloth, saddlery, soap and sweetmeats; Irapuato (18,593 in 1900), a railway junction and commercial centre, 21 M. S. by W. of Guanajuato; Silao (15,355), a railway junction and manufacturing town (woollens and cottons), 14 m. S.W. of Guanajuato; Salamanca (13,583), on the Mexican Central railway and Lerma river, 25 in. S. by E. of Guanajuato, with manufactures of cottons and

porcelain

PORCELAIN

; Allende (10,547), a commercial town 30 in. E. by S. of Guanajuato, with mineral springs; Valle de Santiago (12,660), 50 M. W. by S. of Queretaro; Salvatierra (10,393), 6o m. S.E. of Guanajuato; Cortazar (8633); La Luz (8318), in a rich mining district; Penjamo (8262); Santa Cruz (7239); San Francisco del Rincon (10,904), 39 in. W. of Guanajuato in a rich mining district; and Acambaro (8345), a prosperous town of the plain, 76 m. S.S.E. of Guanaivato.

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