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Encyclopedia Britannica



GROUP XXII

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 352 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GRA-GUI
GROUP XXII . Saponin.Saponin and many allied bodies form an abundant soapy-looking froth when shaken up with water, and they are contained in a very large number of plants, the
chief
  of which are the Quillaia saponaria, Polygala
senega
 ,
sarsaparilla
 , and others, known collectively as soapworts. They all act as local irritants in the alimentary canal, and after absorption are more or less depressing to the muscular and
nervous
  systems. They produce slight nausea and increased secretion of mucus.
GRouP XXIII. Cyanogen.This includes compounds of cyanogen such as hydrocyanic (prussic) acid, cyanides of potassium, sodium. &c.,
cherry
 -laurel water, amygdalin,
bitter
  almonds and other chemical and vegetable substances which readily yield hydro-cyanic acid. Hydrocyanic acid is a general protoplasmic poison, all the lower organisms being very susceptible to its action, while in the higher animals it speedily depresses or paralyses all forms of
nerve
 
tissue
 . It enters into combination with haemoglobin, forming a
bright
  scarlet compound and interfering with respiration. It kills by its paralysing effect on the motor ganglia of the heart and on the respiratory centre.
Ggour XXIV. Ferments.These include such bodies as pepsin, diastase, the pancreatic ferments, papain, the pine-apple ferment, taka-diastase and others, and serve to convert
starch
  into saccharine substances, or albumen into peptone and albumoses.


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