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Encyclopedia Britannica



GROUP XVIII

This article appears in Volume V21, Page 351 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GRA-GUI
GROUP XVIII . Nitrites.This
group
  contains amyl nitrite,
ethyl
  nitrite, methyl nitrite,
nitroglycerin
 ,
sodium
  and potassium nitrites, erythrol-tetranitrate, and many other compounds containing nitrous or nitric acid. The latter becomes reduced to nitrous in the
body
 , and thereby exercises its characteristic effects. These consist chiefly in an action upon non-striped muscle, vasomotor centres, blood vessels and the blood. When they are given by inhalation or by the mouth their first effect is to produce marked dilatation of the small arteries, with a fall of blood-pressure and a greatly increased rapidity of the
heart
 's action. At the same
time
  the non-striped muscles slightly lose their tonicity, and when very large doses are given the haemoglobin of the blood becomes converted into the
chocolate
 -coloured methaemoglobin. The volatile members of the
group
  act much more rapidly and more transiently than the others.


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