GROIN

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 611 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GRA-GUI

GROIN . (I) An obsolete word for the grunting of swine, from Lat. grunnire, and so applied to the snout of a pig; it is probably the origin of the word, more commonly spelled " groyne," for a small timber framework or

wall

WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the
original
- ORIGINAL
O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

of masonry used on sea coasts as a breakwater to prevent the encroachment of sand and shingle. (2) (Of uncertain origin; from an older form grynde or grinde; the derivation from "

grain

GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

," an obsolete word meaning "

fork

FORK (Lat. furca)

," cannot, according to the New English Dictionary, be accepted), in anatomy the folds or grooves formed between the lower part of the

abdomen

ABDOMEN (a Latin word, either from abdere, to hide, or from a form adipomen, from adeps, fat)

and the thighs, covering the inguinal glands, and so applied in architecture to the

angle

ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

or "

arris

ARRIS (Fr. areste, or arete)

" formed by the intersection of two vaults crossing one another, occasionally called by workmen " groin point." If the vaults are both of the same radius and height, their intersections lie in a vertical plane, in other cases they form winding curves for which it is difficult to provide centering. In early medieval vaulting this was sometimes arranged by a slight alteration in the geometrical curve of the vault, but the problem was not satisfactorily solved until the introduction of the rib which hence-forth ruled the vaulting surface of the web or cell (see VAULT). The name " Welsh groin " 9r " underpitch " is generally given to the vaulting surface or web where the main longitudinal vault is higher than the

cross

CROSS

or transverse vaults; as the trans-verse rib (of much greater radius than that of the

wall

WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the
original
- ORIGINAL
O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

rib), projected diagonally in front of the latter, the filling-in or web has to be carried back from the transverse to the wall rib. The

term

TERM

" groin centering " is used where, in groining without ribs, the whole surface is supported by centering during the erection of the vaulting. In ribbed

work

WORK

the stone ribs only are supported by timber ribs during the progress of the

work

WORK

, any light stuff being used while filling in the spandrils. (See VAULT.)

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