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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GRA-GUI |
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GRENADA , the southernmost of the Windward Islands, British West Indies. It lies between 11 58' and 12 15' N. and between 61 35' and 61 5o' W., being 14o m. S.W. of Barbados and 85 m. N. by W. of Trinidad. In shape oval, it is 21 m. long, 12 M. broad at its maximum and has an area of 133 sq. m. It owes much of its beauty to a well-wooded range of mountains traversing the island from N. to S. and throwing off from the centre spurs which form picturesque and fertile valleys. These mountains attain their highest elevation
porphyry and basaltic rocks also occur; sulphur and fuller's earth are worked. In the centre, at the height of 174o ft. above the sea, is the chief
rainy
chief
cotton
its firewood. Sugar is still grown, and rum and molasses are made, but the consumption of these is confined to the island. Elementary education is chiefly in the hands of the various denominations, whose schools are assisted by government grants-in-aid. There are, however, a few secular schools conducted by the government, and government-aided secondary schools for girls and a grammar school for boys. The schools are controlled by a board of education, the members of which are nominated by the government, and small fees are charged in all schools. The governor of the Windward Islands resides in Grenada andis administrator of it. The Legislative Council consists of 14 members; 7 including the governor are ex-officio members andthe rest are nominated by the Crown. English is universally spoken, but the negroes use a French patois, which, however, is gradually dying out. Only 2% of the inhabitants are white, the rest being negroes and mulattoes with a few East Indians. The capital , St George, in the south-west, is built upon a lavapeninsula jutting into the sea and forming one side of its land- locked harbour. It is surrounded by an amphitheatre of hills, up the sides of which climb the red-brick houses of the town. At the extremity of the peninsula is Fort St George, with a saluting battery. The ridge
Hospital
town lying on either side. The population in 1901 was 5198. There are four other townson the west coast Gouyave, or Charlotte Town, and 4 M. N. of it Victoria; on the north coast Sauteurs; and Grenville at the head of a wide bay on the east. ' They are all in frequent communication with the capital bysteamer. The population of the entire colony in 1901 was 63,438. History.Grenada was discovered in 1498 by Columbus, who named it Conception. Neither the Spanish nor the British, to whom it was granted in 1627, settled on the island. The governor of Martinique, du Parquet, purchased it in 165o, and the French were well received by the Caribs, whom they afterwards extirpated with the greatest cruelty. In 1665 Grenada passed into the hands of the French West India Company, and was administered by it until its dissolution in 1674, when the island passed to the French Crown. Cocoa, coffee and cotton
1779, but it was restored to Great Britain by the Treaty of Versailles in 1783. A rebellion against the British rule, instigated and assisted by the French, occurred in 1795, but was quelled by Sir Ralph Abercromby in the following year. The emancipation of the slaves took place in 1837, and by 1877 it was found necessary to introduce East Indian labour. Grenada, with cocoa as its staple, has not experienced similar depression to that which overtook the sugar-growing islands of the West Indies. See Grenada Handbook (London, 1905). End of Article: GRENADA If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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