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Encyclopedia Britannica



GRATRY, AUGUSTE JOSEPH ALPHONSE (1805-1872)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 379 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GRA-GUI
GRATRY, AUGUSTE JOSEPH ALPHONSE (1805-1872) , French author and theologian, was born at
Lille
  on the loth of
March
  18o5. He was educated at the fcole Polytechnique, Paris, and, after a period of mental struggle which he has described in Souvenirs de ma jeunesse, he was ordained priest in 1832. After a stay at Strassburg as professor of the Petit Seminaire, he was appointed director of the College Stanislas in Paris in 1842 and, in 1847, chaplain of the lcole Normale Superieure. He became
vicar
 -general of Orleans in 1861, professor of ethics at the Sorbonne in 1862, and, on the death of Barante, a member of the French
Academy
  in 1867, where he occupied the seat formerly held by Voltaire. Together with M. Petetot, cure of Saint
Roch
 , he reconstituted the Oratory of the Immaculate Conception, a society of priests mainly devoted to education. Gratry was one of the principal opponents of the definition of the dogma of papal infallibility, but in this respect he submitted to the authority of the Vatican Council. He died at Montreux in Switzerland on the 6th of February 1872.
His
chief
  works are: De la connaissance de Dieu, opposing
Positivism
  (1855); La Logique (1856); Les Sources, conseils pour la conduite de 1 esprit (18611862); La Philosophic du credo (1861); Commentaire sur l'evangile de Saint Matthieu (1863); Jesus-Christ, lettres a M.
Renan
  (1864) ; Les Sophistes et la critique (in controversy with E. Vacherot) (1864); La Morale et la loi de 1'histoire, setting forth his social views (1868); Mgr. 1'eveque d'Orleans et Mgr. 1'archeveque de Malines (1869), containing a clear exposition of the historical arguments against the doctrine of papal infallibility. There is a selection of Gratry's writings and appreciation of his style by the Abbe Pichot, in Pages choisies des Grands Ecrivains
series
 , published by Armand-Colin (1897). See also the
critical
  study by the oratorian A. Chauvin, L'Abbe Gratry (1901); Le Pere Gratry (i 9oo), and Les Derniers fours du Pere Gratry et son testament spirituel, (1872), by Cardinal Adolphe Perraud, Gratry's friend and disciple.


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