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Encyclopedia Britannica



GRANDEE (Span. Grande)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 349 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GOA-GRA
GRANDEE (Span. Grande) , a title of honour borne by the highest class of the Spanish
nobility
 . It would appear to have been originally assumed by the most important nobles to distinguish them from the mass of the ricos hombres, or
great
  barons of the
realm
 . It was thus, as Selden points out, not a general
term
  denoting a class, but " an additional dignity not only to all dukes, but to some marquesses and condes also " (Titles of Honor, ed. 1672, p. 478). It formerly implied certain privileges; notably that of sitting covered in the royal presence. Until the time of Ferdinand and
Isabella
 , when the power of the territorial nobles was broken, the grandees had also certain more important rights, e.g. freedom from
taxation
 , immunity from arrest save at the king's express command, and evenin certain casesthe right to renounce their allegiance and make war on the king. Their number and privileges were further restricted by Charles I. (the emperor Charles V.), who reserved to the crown the right to bestow the title. The grandees of Spain were further divided into three classes: (1) those who spoke to the king and received his reply with their heads covered; (2) those who addressed him uncovered, but put on their hats to hear his answer; (3) those who awaited the permission of the king before covering themselves. All grandees were addressed by the king as " my
cousin
  " (mi prima), whereas
ordinary
  nobles were only qualified as " my kinsman " (mi pariente). The title of " grandee," abolished under King Joseph Bonaparte, was revived in 1834, when by the Estaludo real grandees were given precedence in the Chamber of Peers. The designation is now, however, purely titular, and implies neither privilege nor power.


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