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Encyclopedia Britannica



GRAMPIANS, THE

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 333 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GOA-GRA
GRAMPIANS, THE , a mass of mountains in central
Scotland
 . Owing to the number of ramifications and ridges it is. difficult to assign their precise limits, but they may be described as occupying the area between a line
drawn
  from Dumbartonshire to the North Sea at
Stonehaven
 , and the valley of the Spey or even Glenmore (the Caledonian Canal). Their trend is from sputh-west to north-
east
 , the southern face forming the natural division between the Lowlands and Highlands. They lie in the shires of Argyll, Dumbarton, Stirling,
Perth
 , Forfar, Kincardine, Aberdeen, Banff and' Inverness. Among the highest summits are Ben Nevis, Ben Macdhui; and Cairngorms, Ben Lawers, Ben More, Ben Alder, Ben Cruachan and Ben Lomond. The principal rivers flowing from the watershed northward are the Findhorn, Spey, Don, Dee and their tributaries,, and southward the
South
  Esk, Tay and Forth with their affluents. On the north the mass is wild and rugged.; on the
south
  the siope'is often gentle,. affording excellent pasture in many places, but both sections contain some of the finest deer-forests in
Scotland
 . They are crossed by the Highland, West Highland and Callander to Obeli railways, and present some of . the finest scenery in the kingdom. ' The rocks consist chiefly of granite, gneiss, schists, quartzite,
porphyry
  and diorite. Their fastnesses were originally inhabited by the northern Picts, the Caledonians who, under Gaigacus, were defeated by Agricola in A.D. 84 at Mons Graupiusthe false reading of which, Grampius, has been perpetuated in the name of the mountainsthe site of which has not been ascertained. Some authorities place it at Ardoch; others near the junction of the Tay and Isla, or at Dalginross near Comrie; while some, contending for a position nearer the
east
 
coast
 , refer it to a site in west Forfarshire or to Raedykes near'
Stonehaven
 .


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