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Encyclopedia Britannica



GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 322 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GOA-GRA
GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ") , a word particularly applied to the seed, in botanical language the " fruit," of cereals, and hence applied, as a collective term to cereal plants generally, to which, in English, the term " corn " is also applied (see GRAIN TRADE). Apart from this, the
chief
  meaning, the word is used of the malt refuse of brewing and distilling, and of many hard rounded small particles, resembling the seeds of plants, such as " grains " of sand, salt, gold, gunpowder, &c. " Grain " is also the name of the smallest unit of weight, both in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Its origin is supposed to be the weight of a grain of wheat, dried and gathered from the middle of the ear. The troy grain= 1/576o of a lb, the avoirdupois grain= I/70oo of a lb. In diamond weighing the grain = s of the carat, = 7925 of the troy grain. The word " grains " was early used, as also in French, of the small seed-like insects supposed formerly to be the berries of trees, from which a scarlet dye was extracted (see COCHINEAL and KERHES). From the Fr. en graine, literally in dye, comes the French verb engrainer, Eng. " engrain " or " ingrain," meaning to dye in any fast colour. From the further use of " grain " for the texture of substances, such as
wood
 , meat, &c., " engrained " or " ingrained " means- ineradicable, impregnated, dyed through and through. The " grain " of leather is the side of a skin showing the fibre after the
hair
  has been removed. The imitating in paint of the grain of different kinds of woods is known as " graining " (see PAINTER-
WORK
 ). " Grain," or more commonly in the plural " grains," construed as a singular, is the name of an
instrument
  with two or more barbed prongs, used for spearing fish. This word is Scandinavian in origin, and is connected with Dan. green, Swed. gren, branch, and means the fork of a tree, of the
body
 , or the prongs of a fork, &c. It is not connected with " groin," the inguinal parts of the
body
 , which in its earliest forms appears as grynde.


End of Article: GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")


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