GRAHAM, SIR GERALD (18311899)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 318 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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GRAHAM, SIR GERALD (18311899) , British general, was born on the 27th of Tune 1831 at Acton,

Middlesex

MIDDLESEX
MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST
EARL
- EARL
OF (1575-1645)

. He was
educated at Dresden and Woolwich

Academy

ACADEMY, GREEK
ACADEMY, ROYAL

, and entered the Royal Engineers in 1850. He served with distinction through the Russian War of 18J4 to 1856, was present at the battles of the Alma and Inkerman, was twice wounded in the trenches before Sevastopol, and was awarded the Victoria

Cross

CROSS

for gallantry at the attack on the Redan and for devoted heroism on numerous occasions. He also received the Legion of Honour, and was promoted to a brevet

majority

MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

. In the China War of 186o he took part in the actions of Sin-ho and Tang-ku, the storming of the Taku Forts, where he was severely wounded, and the entry into Peking (brevet lieutenant-colonelcy and C.B.). Promoted colonel in 1869, he was employed in routine duties until 1877, when he was appointed assistant-director of works for barracks at the war office, a position he held until his promotion to major-general in 1881. In command of the advanced force in

Egypt

EGYPT

in 1882, he bore the brunt of the fighting, was present at the action of Magfar, commanded at the first battle of Kassassin, took part in the second, and led his brigade at Tell-cl-Kebir. For his services in the campaign he received the K.C.B. and thanks of

parliament

PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

. In 1884 he commanded the expedition to the eastern Sudan, and fought the successful battles of El Teb and Tamai. On his return

home

he received the thanks of

parliament

PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

and was made a lieutenant-general for distinguished service in the field. In 1885 he commanded the

Suakin

SUAKIN, or SAWAKIN

expedition, defeated the Arabs at Hashin and Tamai, and advanced the railway from

Suakin

SUAKIN, or SAWAKIN

to Otao, when the expedition was withdrawn (thanks of parliament and G.C.M.G.). In 1896 he was made G.C.B., and in 1899 colonel-commandant Royal Engineers. He died on the 17th of December 1899. He published in 1875 a

translation

TRANSLATION

of Goetze's Operations of the German Engineers in 1870-1871, and in 1887 Last Words with Gordon.

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