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Encyclopedia Britannica



GRAF, KARL HEINRICH (18151869)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 315 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GOA-GRA
GRAF, KARL HEINRICH (18151869) , German Old Testament scholar and orientalist, was born at
Mulhausen
  in
Alsace
  on the 28th of February 1815. He studied Biblical exegesis and oriental languages at the university of Strassburg under E. Reuss, and, after holding various teaching posts, was made instructor in French and Hebrew at the Landesschule of Meissen, receiving in 1852 the title of professor. He died on the 16th of July 1869. Graf was one of the
chief
  founders of Old Testament criticism. In his principal
work
 , Die geschichtlichen Bucher des Allen Testaments (1866), he sought to show that the priestly legislation of Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers is of later origin than the book of Deuteronomy. He still, however, held the accepted view, that the Elohistic narratives formed part of the
Grundschrift and therefore belonged to the oldest portions of the Pentateuch. The reasons urged against the contention that the priestly legislation and the Elohistic narratives were separated by a space of 500 years were so strong as to induce Graf, in an essay, " Die sogenannte Grundschrift des Pentateuchs," published shortly before his death, to regard the whole Grundschrift as post-exilic and as the latest portion of the Pentateuch. The idea had already been expressed by E. Reuss, but since Graf was the first to introduce it into Germany, the theory, as developed by Julius Wellhausen, has been called the Graf-Wellhausen hypothesis.
Graf also wrote, Der Segen Moses Deut. 33 (1857) and Der Prophet Jeremia erkla.rt (1862). See 'F. K.
Cheyne
 , Founders of Old Testament Criticism (1893); and Otto Pfleiderer's book translated into English by J. F.
Smith
  as Development of Theology (189o).


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