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Encyclopedia Britannica



GRADUATE (Med. Lat. graduale, to admit to an academical degree, gradus)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 312 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GOA-GRA
GRADUATE (Med. Lat. graduale, to admit to an academical degree, gradus) , in
Great
  Britain a verb now only used in the academical sense intransitively, i.e. " to take or proceed to a university degree," and figuratively of acquiring knowledge of, or proficiency in, anything. The
original
  transitive sense of " to confer or admit to a degree " is, however, still preserved in America, where the word is, moreover, not strictly confined to university degrees, but is used also of those successfully completing a course of study at any educational
establishment
 . As a substantive, a "
graduate
  " (Med. Lat. graduatus) is one who has taken a degree in a university. Those who have matriculated at a university, but not yet taken a degree, are known as " undergraduates." The word " student," used of undergraduates e.g. in Scottish universities, is never applied generally to those of the
English
  and Irish universities. At
Oxford
  the only " students " are the " senior students " (i.e. fellows) and " junior students " (i.e. undergraduates on the foundation, or " scholars ") of Christ
Church
 . The verb " to
graduate
  " is also used of dividing anything into degrees or parts in accordance with a given scale. For the scientific application see GRADUATION below. It may also mean " to arrange in -gradations " or " to adjust or apportion according to a given scale." Thus by " a graduated income-tax " is meant the
system
  by which the percentage paid differs according to the amount of income on a pre-arranged scale.


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