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Encyclopedia Britannica



GOTARZES

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 270 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GOA-GRA
GOTARZES , or. GoTERZES, king of
Parthia
  (c. A.D. 42-51). In an inscription at the foot of the
rock
  of Behistun' he is called PwrapNs FeenroOpos, i.e. " son of Gew," and seems to be designated as " satrap of satrap." This inscription therefore probably
dates
  from the reign of Artabanus II. (A.D. 10-40), to whose family Gotarzes must have belonged. From a very barbarous coin of Gotarzes with the inscription Oavi-Xewc /3au Xwv Apravq' nos KEKaXov/AEvor Aprajavou PwrepOls (Wroth, Catalogue of the Coins of
Parthia
 , p. 165; Numism. Chron., 1900, p. 95; the earlier readings of this inscription are wrong), which must be translated " king of kings Arsakes, named son of Artabanos, Gotarzes," it appears that he was adopted by Artabanus. When the troublesome reign of Artabanus II. ended in A.D. 39 or 40, he was succeeded by Vardanes, probably his son; but against him in 41 rose Gotarzes (the
dates
  are fixed by the coins). He soon made himself detested by his crueltyamong many other murders he even slew his brother Artabanus and his whole family (Tac. Ann. xi. 8)and Vardanes regained the throne in 42; Gotarzes fled to Hyrcania and gathered an army from the Dahan nomads. The war between the two kings was at last ended by a treaty, as both were afraid of the conspiracies of their nobles. Gotarzes returned to Hyrcania. But when Vardanes was assassinated in 45, Gotarzes was acknowledged in the whole
empire
  (Tac. Ann. xi. g ff.; Joseph. Antiq. xx. 3, 4, where Gotarzes is called Kotardes). He now takes on his coins the usual
Parthian
  titles, " king of kings
Arsaces
  the benefactor, the just, the illustrious (Epiphanes), the friend of the Greeks (Philhellen)," without mentioning his proper name. The discontent excited by his cruelty and luxury induced the hostile party to apply to the 'emperor
Claudius
  and fetch from Rome an Arsacid prince Meherdates (i.e. Mithra; dates), who lived there as
hostage
 . He crossed the Euphrates in 49, but was beaten and taken prisoner by Gotarzes, who cut off his ears (Tac. Ann. xii. to ff.). Soon after Gotarzes died, according to Tacitus, of an illness; Josephus says that he was murdered. His last coin is dated from June 51.
1 Rawlinson, Journ. Roy. Geog. Soc. ix. 114; Flandin and Coste, La Perse ancienne, i. tab. 19; Dittenberger, Orientis Graeci inscr. 431.
An earlier " Arsakes with the name Gotarzes," mentioned on some astronomical tablets from Babylon (Strassmaier in Zeitschr. fur Assyriologie, vi. 216; Mahler in Wiener Zeitschr. fur Kunde des Morgenlands, xv. 63 ff.), appears to have reigned for some time in Babylonia about 87 B.C. (En. M.)


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