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Encyclopedia Britannica



GORZ (Ital. Gorizia ; Slovene, Gorica)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 262 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GOA-GRA
GORZ (Ital. Gorizia ; Slovene, Gorica) , the
capital
  of the Austrian crownland of Gorz and Gradisca, about 390 M. S.W. of Vienna by rail. Pop (1900) 25,432, two-thirds Italians, the remainder mostly Slovenes and Germans. It is picturesquely situated on the left bank of the Isonzo in a fertile valley, 35 M. N.N.W. of Trieste by rail. It is the seat of an archbishop and possesses an interesting cathedral, built in the 14th century and the richly decorated church of St Ignatius, built in the 17th century by the
Jesuits
 . On an eminence, which dominates the town, is situated the old castle, formerly the seat of the
counts
  of Gorz, now partly used as barracks. Owing to the mildness of its climate Gorz has become a favourite winter-resort, and has received the name of the Nice of Austria. Its mean annual temperature is 550 F.; while the mean winter temperature is 38.7 F. It is adorned with several pretty gardens with a luxuriant southern vegetation. On a height to the N. of the town is situated the Franciscan convent of Castagnavizza, in whose chapel lie the remains of Charles X. of France(d. 1836), the last Bourbon king, of the duke of
Angouleme
  (d. 1844), his son, and of the duke of Chambord, (d. 1883). Seven miles to the north of Gorz is the Monte Santo (2275 ft.), a much-frequented place on which stands a
pilgrimage
  church. The
industries
  include
cotton
  and silk weaving, sugar refining, brewing, the manufacture of leather and the making of rosoglio. There is also a considerable trade in wooden
work
 , vegetables, early fruit and wine. Gorz is mentioned for the first time at the beginning of the 11th century, and received its charter as a town in 1307. During the middle ages the greater part of its population was German.


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