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Encyclopedia Britannica



GORGIAS (c. 483375 B.C.)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 257 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GOA-GRA
GORGIAS (c. 483375 B.C.) , Greek sophist and rhetorician,
was a native of Leontini in Sicily. In 427 he was sent by his fellow-citizens at the head of an
embassy
  to ask Athenian
protection
  against the aggression of the Syracusans. He subsequently settled in Athens, and supported himself by the practice of oratory and by teaching
rhetoric
 . He died at Larissa in Thessaly. His
chief
  claim to recognition consists in the fact that he transplanted
rhetoric
  to
Greece
 , and contributed to the diffusion of the Attic dialect as the language of literary
prose
 . He was the author of a lost
work
  On Nature or the Non-existent (IIepi TOO pi ovros crept vo-ews, fragments edited by M. C. Valeton, 1876), the substance of which may be gathered from the writings of Sextus Empiricus, and also from the treatise (ascribed to Theophrastus) De Melisso, Xenophane, Gorgia. Gorgias is the central figure in the Platonic dialogue Gorgias. The genuineness of two rhetorical exercises (The Encomium of Helen and The Defence of Palamedes, edited with Antiphon by F.
Blass
  in the Teubner
series
 , 1881), which have come down under his name, is disputed.
For his philosophical opinions see SOPHISTS and SCEPTICISM. See also Gomperz, Greek Thinkers, Eng. trans. vol. i. bk. iii. chap. vii.;
Jebb
 's Attic Orators, introd. to vol. i. (1893) ; F.
Blass
 , Die attische Beredsamkeit, i. (1887); and article RHETORIC.


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