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Encyclopedia Britannica



GOD

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 169 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GOA-GRA
GOD , the common Teutonic word for a personal.
object
  of religious
worship
 . It is thus, like the Gr. Ochs and Lat. dens, applied to all those superhuman beings of the
heathen
  mythologies who exercise power over nature and man and are often identified with some particular sphere of activity; and also to the visible material objects, whether an image of the supernatural being or a tree, pillar, &c. used as a symbol, an idol. The word " god," on the conversion of the Teutonic races to Christianity, was adopted as the name of the one Supreme Being, the Creator of the universe, and of the Persons of the Trinity. The New
English
  Dictionary points cut that whereas the old Teutonic type of the word is neuter, corresponding to the Latin numen, in the Christian applications it becomes masculine, and that even where the earlier neuter form is still kept, as in
Gothic
  and Old
Norwegian
 , the construction is masculine. Popular
etymology
  has connected the word with " good "; this is exemplified by the corruption of " God be with you " into " good-bye." " God " is a word common to all Teutonic languages. In
Gothic
  it is Guth; Dutch has the same form as
English
 ; Danish and Swedish have Gud,
German
  Gott. According to the New English Dictionary, the
original
  may be found in two Aryan roots, both of the form gheu, one of which means " to invoke," the other " to pour " (cf. Gr. xav); the last is used of sacrificial offerings. The word would thus mean the
object
  either of religious invocation or of religious
worship
  by sacrifice. It has been also suggested that the word might mean a " molten image " from the sense of " pour."
See RELIGION; HEBREW RELIGION; THEISM, &C.


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