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Encyclopedia Britannica

GMELIN

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 148 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GEO-GNU

GMELIN , the name of several distinguished German scientists, of a Tubingen family. Johann Georg Gmelin (16741728), an apothecary in Tubingen, and an accomplished chemist for the times in which he lived, had three sons. The first, Johann

Conrad

(17o21759), was an apothecary and surgeon in Tubingen. The second, Johann Georg (17091955), was appointed professor of chemistry and natural history in St

Petersburg

PETERSBURG

in 1731, and from 1733 to 1743 was engaged in travelling through Siberia. The fruits of his journey were Flora Sibirica (4 vols., 17491750) and Reisen durch Sibirien (4 vols., 1753). He ended his days as professor of

medicine

MEDICINE

at Tubingen, a post to which he was appointed in 1749. The third son, Philipp

Friedrich

FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

(17211768), was extraordinary professor of

medicine

MEDICINE

at Tubingen in 1750, and in 1755 became

ordinary

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

professor of botany and chemistry. In the second generation Samuel Gottlieb (17431794), the son of Johann

Conrad

, was appointed professor of natural history at St

Petersburg

PETERSBURG

in 1766, and in the following year started on a journey through

south

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

Russia and the regions round the Caspian Sea. On his way back he was captured by Usmey

Khan

KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

, of the Kaitak tribe, and died from the ill-treatment he suffered, on the 27th of July 1774. One of his nephews, Ferdinand Gottlob von Gmelin (17821848), became professor of medicine and natural history at Tubingen in 18o5, and another, Christian Gottlob (17921860), who in 1828 was one of the first to devise a process for the artificial manufacture of ultra-marine, was professor of chemistry and pharmacy in the same university. In the youngest branch of the family, Philipp

Friedrich

FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

had a son, Johann Friedrich (17481804), who was appointed professor of medicine in Tubingen in 1772, and in 1775 accepted the chair of medicine and chemistry at Gottingen. In 1788 he published the 13th edition of Linnaeus' Systema Naturae with many additions and alterations. His son

Leopold

LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

(17881853), was the best-known member of the family. He studied medicine and chemistry at Gottingen, Tubingen and Vienna, and in 1813 began to lecture on chemistry at

Heidelberg

HEIDELBERG

, where in 1814 he was appointed extraordinary, and in 1817

ordinary

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

, professor of chemistry and medicine. He was the discoverer of potassium ferricyanide (1822), and wrote the Handbuch der Chemie (1st ed. 18171819, 4th ed. 18431$55), an important

work

WORK

in its day, which was translated into English for the Cavendish Society by H. Watts (18151884) in 184818S9. He resigned his chair in 1852, and died on the 13th of April in the following year at

Heidelberg

HEIDELBERG

.

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