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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GEO-GNU |
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GIOBERTI, VINCENZO (18oI-1852) , Italian philosopher, publicist and politician, was born in Turin on the 5th of April 18o1. He was educated by the fathers of the Oratory with a view to the priesthood and ordained in 1825. At first he led a very retired life; but gradually took more and more interest
for exile ; he was not one of them, and could not be depended on. Knowing this, he resigned his office in 1833, but was suddenly arrested on a charge of conspiracy, and, after an imprisonment of four months, was banished without a trial. Gioberti first went to Paris, and, a year later, to Brussels, where he remained till 1845, teaching philosophy, and assisting a friend in the work of a private school. He nevertheless found time to write many works of philosophical importance, with special
Victor Emmanuel in March 1849, his active life came to an end. For a short time indeed he held a seat in the cabinet, though without a portfolio; but an irreconcilable disagreement soon followed, and his removal from Turin was accomplished by his appointment on a mission to Paris, whence he never returned. There, refusing the pension which had been offered him and all ecclesiastical preferment, he lived frugally, and spent his days and nights as at Brussels in "literary labour. He died suddenly, of apoplexy, on the 26th of October 1852.Gioberti's writings are more important than his political career. In the general history of European philosophy they stand apart. As the speculations of Rosmini-Serbati, against which he wrote, have been called the last link added to medieval thought, so the system of Gioberti, known as " Ontologism," more especially in his greater and earlier works, is unrelated to other modern schools of thought. It shows a harmony with the Roman Catholic faith which caused Cousin to declare that "Italian philosophy was still in the bonds of theology," and that Gioberti was no philosopher. Method is with him a synthetic, subjective and psychological instrument. He re-constructs, as he declares, ontology, and begins with the " ideal formula
opinion . In his later works, the Rinnovamento and the Protologia, he is thought by some to have shifted his ground under the influence of events. His first work, written when he was thirty-seven, had a personal reason for its existence. A young fellow-exile and friend, Paolo Pallia, having many doubts and misgivings as to the reality of revelation and a future life, Gioberti at once set to work with La Teorica del sovrannaturale, which was his first publication (1838). After this, philosophical treatises followed in rapid succession. The Teorica was followed by Introduzione allo studio della filosofia in three volumes (1839-1840). In this work he states his reasons for requiring a new method and new terminology. Here he brings out the doctrine that religion is the direct expression of the idea in this life, and is one with true civilization in history. Civilization is a conditioned mediate tendency to perfection, to which religion is the final completion if carried out; it is the end of the second cycle expressed by the second formula
movement
See Massari, Vita de V. Gioberti (Florence, 1848) ; A. Rosmini-Serbati, V. Gioberti e it panteismo (Milan, 1848) ; C. B. Smyth, Christian Metaphysics (1851); B. Spaventa, La Filosofia di Gioberti (Naples, 1854) ; A. Mauri, Della vita e delle opere di V. Gioberti (Genoa, 1853) ; G. Prisco, Gioberti e l' ontologismo (Naples, 1867) ; P. Luciani, Gioberti e la filosofia nuova italiana (Naples, 1866-1872); D. Berti, Di V. Gioberti (Florence, 1881) ; see also L. Ferri, L'Histoire de la philosophic en Italic au XIX' siecle (Paris, 1869) ; C. Werner, Die italienische Philosophic des 19. Jahrhunderts, ii. (1885); appendix to Ueberweg's Hist, of Philosophy (Eng. tr.); art. in Brownson's Quarterly Review (Boston, Mass.), xxi.; R. Mariano, La Philosophic contemporaine en Italic (1866) ; R. Seydel's exhaustive article in Ersch and Gruber's Allgemeine Encyclopadie. The centenary of Gioberti called forth several monographs in Italy. GIOIOSA-IONICA, a town of Calabria, Italy, in the province of Reggio Calabria, from which it is 65 m. N.E. by rail, and 38 m. direct, 492 ft. above sea-level. Pop. (1901) town, 9072; commune, 11,200. Near the station, which is on the E. coast of Calabria 3 M. below the town to the S.E., the remains of a theatre belonging to the Roman period were discovered in 1883; the orchestra was 46 ft. in diameter (Notizie degli scavi, 1883, p. 423). The ruins of an ancient building called the Naviglio, the nature of which does not seem clear, are described (ib. 1884, p. 252).End of Article: GIOBERTI, VINCENZO (18oI-1852) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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