GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)

This article appears in Volume V12, Page 8 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901) , English chemist, was born at Hull on the 1st of August 1817. He studied chemistry first at Glasgow under

Thomas

Thomson; then at University College, London, in the laboratory of A. T. Thomson (1778-1849), the professor of medical jurisprudence, also attending

Thomas

Graham's lectures; and finally at Giessen under

Liebig

LIEBIG, JUSTUS VON, BARON (1803-1873)

. On his return to England from Germany he acted for a year er so as assistant to his old master A. T. Thomson at University College, and in 1843, after spending a short time in the study of calico dyeing and printing near Manchester, accepted the directorship of the chemical laboratory at the famous experimental station established by Sir J. B.

Lawes

at Rothamsted, near St Albans, for the systematic and scientific study of agriculture. This position he held for fifty-eight years, until his death on the 23rd of December 1901. The

work

WORK

which he carried out during that long period in collaboration with

Lawes

was of a most comprehensive character, involving the application of many branches of science, such as chemistry, meteorology, botany, animal and vegetable physiology, and geology; and its influence in improving the methods of

practical

PRACTICAL

agriculture extended all over the civilized world. Gilbert was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society in 186o, and in 1867 was awarded a royal medal jointly with Lawes. In 188o he presided over the Chemical Section of the British Association at its meeting at Swansea, and in 1882 he was president of the London Chemical Society, of which he had been a member almost from its foundation in 1841. For six years from 1884 he filled the Sibthorpian chair of rural

economy

ECONOMY

at Oxford, and he was also an honorary professor at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. He was knighted in 1893, the year in which the

jubilee

JUBILEE (or JUBILE), YEAR OF

of the Rothamsted experiments was celebrated.

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