GESNER

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 910 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GEO-GNU

GESNER [improperly GESSNER; in Latin, GESNERUSI, KONRAD VON (15161565), German-Swiss writer and naturalist, called " the German Pliny " by Cuvier, was born at Zurich on the 26th of March 1516. The son of a poor furrier, he was educated in that town, but fell into

great

GREAT

need after the death of his father at the battle of Kappel (1531). He had good friends, however, in his old master, Myconius, and subsequently in Heinrich

Bullinger

BULLINGER, HEINRICH (1504-1575)

, and he was enabled to continue his studies at the
9 I 0
universities of Strassburg and Bourges (1532-1533); he found also a generous patron in Paris (1534), in the person of Job. Steiger of Berne. In 1535 the religious troubles drove him back to Zurich, where he made an imprudent

marriage

MARRIAGE

. His friends again came to his aid, enabled him to study at Basel (1536), and in 1537 procured for him the professorship of Greek at the newly founded academy of Lausanne (then belonging to Berne). Here he had leisure to devote himself to scientific studies, especially botany. In 1540-1541 he visited the famous medical university of Montpellier, took his degree of

doctor

DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

of medicine (1541) at Basel, and then settled down to practise at Zurich, where he obtained the post of lecturer in physics at the Carolinum. There, apart from a few journeys to foreign countries, and annual summer botanical journeys in his native land, he passed the remainder of his life. He devoted himself to preparing works on many subjects of different sorts. He died of the plague on the 13th of December 1565. In the previous year he had been ennobled.
To his contemporaries he was best known as a botanist, though his botanical MSS. were not published till long after his death (at Nuremberg, 1751-1771, 2 vols. folio), he himself issuing only the Enchiridion historiae plantarum (1541) and the Catalogus plantarum (1542) in four tongues. In 1545 he published his remarkable Bibliotheca universalis (ed. by J.. Simler, 1574), a catalogue (in Latin, Greek and Hebrew) of all writers who had ever lived, with the titles of their works, &c. A second part, under the title of Pandeclarium sive partitionum universalium Conradi Gesneri Ligurini libri xxi., appeared in 1548; only nineteen books being then concluded. The 21st book, a theological encyclopaedia, was published in 1549, but the loth, intended to include his medical

work

WORK

, was never finished. His

great

GREAT

zoological

work

WORK

, Historia animalium, appeared in 4 vols. (quadrupeds, birds, fishes) folio, 1551-1558, at Zurich, a fifth (

snakes

SNAKES

) being issued in 1587 (there is a German translation, entitled Thierbuch, of the first 4 vols., Zurich, 1563) : this work is the starting-point of modern

zoology

ZOOLOGY (from Gr. Nov, a living thing, and ?byos, theory)

. Not content with such vast works, Gesner put forth in 1555 his book entitled Mithridates de differentiis linguis, an account of about 130 known languages, with the Lord's Prayer in 22 tongues, while in 1556 appeared his edition of the works of Aelian. To non - scientific readers, Gesner will be best known for his love of mountains (below the snow-line) and for his many excursions among them, undertaken partly as a botanist, but also for the sake of mere exercise and enjoyment of the beauties of nature. In 1541 he prefixed to a singular little work of his (Libellus de lacte et operibus lactariis) a

letter

LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

addressed to his friend, J. Vogel, of Glarus, as to the wonders to be found among the mountains, declaring his love for them, and his firm resolve to climb at least one mountain every year, not only to collect

flowers

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

, but in order to exercise his

body

BODY

. In 1555 Gesner issued his narrative (Descriptio Montis Fracti sive Montis Pilati) of his excursion to the Gnepfstein (6299 ft.), the lowest point in the Pilatus chain, and therein explains at length how each of the senses of man is refreshed in the course of a mountain excursion.
Lives by J. Hanhart (Winterthur, 1824) and J. Simler (Zurich, 1566) ; see also Lebert's Gesner als Arzt (Zurich, 1854). A part of his unpublished writing, edited by Prof. Schmiedel, was published at Nuremberg in 1753.

End of Article: GESNER

If you wish, you can link directly to this article.

<a href="http://jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia/GEO_GNU/GESNER.html">
GESNER
</a>

(Previous)
GESENIIJS, HEINRICH FRIEDRICH WILHELM (17861842)

(Next)
GESNER, ABRAHAM (1797-1864)

JCSM was founded in 1997 and exists to help the community and bring people into a life-changing and productive relationship with Jesus Christ. JCSM offers over 200,000 free web pages, including its weekly inspirational emails that were sent continuously for over a decade.

Jesus Christ Saves Ministries
P.O. Box 9297
San Diego, CA 92169
1-888-887-0417 or Email