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Encyclopedia Britannica



GERSTENBERG, HEINRICH WILHELM VON (1737-1823)

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 907 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GEO-GNU
GERSTENBERG, HEINRICH WILHELM VON (1737-1823) , German poet and critic, was born at Tondern in Schleswig on the 3rd of January 1737. After studying law at Jena he entered the Danish military service and took
part
  in the Russian campaign of 1762. He spent the next twelve years in
Copenhagen
 , where he was intimate with Klopstock. From 1775 to 1783 he represented Denmark's interests as " Danish
Resident
  " at
Lubeck
 , and in 1786 received a judicial appointment at Altona, where he died on the 1st of November 1823. In the course of his
long
 
life
  Gerstenberg passed through many phases of his nation's literature. He began as an imitator of the Anacreontic school (Tdndeleien, 1759); then wrote, in imitation of Gleim, Kriegslieder eines danischen Grenadiers (1762); with his Gedicht eines Skalden (1766) he joined the group of " bards " led by Klopstock. His
Ariadne
  auf Naxos (1767) is the best cantata of the 18th century; he translated Beaumont and Fletcher's Maid's Tragedy (1767), and helped to usher in the Sturm und Drang period with a gruesome but powerful tragedy, Ugolino (1768). But he did perhaps even better service to the new literary
movement
  with his Briefe fiber Merkwurdigkeiten der Literatur (1766-1770), in which the
critical
  principles of the Sturm und Drangand especially its enthusiasm for Shakespeare,were first definitely formulated. In later
life
  Gerstenberg lost
touch
  with literature, and occupied himself mainly with Kant's philosophy.
His Vermischte Schriften appeared in 3 vols. (1815). The Briefe fiber Merkwiirdigkeiten der Literatur were republished by A. von Weilen (1888), and a selection of his poetry, including Ugolino, by R. Hamel, will be found in Kurschner's Deutsche Nationalliteratur, vol. 48 (1884).


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