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GERASA (mod. Gerash or Jerash) , a city of Palestine, and a member of the league known as the Decapolis (q.v.), situated amid the mountains of Gilead , about 1757 ft. above the sea, 20 M. from the Jordan and 21 M. N. of Philadelphia. Of its origin nothing is known; it has been suggested that it represents the biblical Ramoth Gilead . From Josephus we learn that it
Pajou (sculptor), which he left at the end of two years for that of the painter Brenet, whom he quitted almost immediately to place himself under David . In 1789 he competed for the Prix de Rome, which was carried off by his comrade Girodet. In the following year (1790) he again presented himself, but the death of his father prevented the completion of his work , and obliged him to accompany his mother to Rome. In 1791 he returned to Paris; but his poverty was so great that he was forced to forgo his studies in favour of employment which should bring in immediate profit. David at once availed himself of his help, and one of that master's most celebrated picturesLe Pelletier de St Fargeaumay owe much to the hand of Gerard. This painting was executed early in 1793, the year in which Gerard, at the request of David, was named a member of the revolutionary tribunal, from the fatal decisions of which he, however, invariably absented himself. In 1794 he obtained the first prize in a competition, the subject of which was " The Tenth of August," and, further stimulated by the successes of his rival and friend Girodet in the Salons of 1793 and 1794, Gerard (nobly aided by Isabey the miniaturist) produced in 1795 his famous " Belisaire." In 1796 a portrait of his generous friend (in the Louvre) obtained undisputed success, and the money received from Isabey for these two works enabled Gerard to execute in 1797 his " Psyche et 1'Amour." At last, in 1799, his portrait of Madame Bonaparte established his position as one of the first portrait-painters of the day. In ,8o8 as many as eight, in ,8,o no less than fourteen portraits by him, were exhibited at the Salon, and these figures afford only an indication of the enormous numbers which he executed yearly; all the leading figures of the empire and of the restoration, all the most celebrated men and women of Europe, sat to Gerard. This extraordinary vogue was due partly to the charm of his manner and conversation, for his salon was as much frequented as his studio; Madame de Stael, Canning, Talleyrand, the duke of Wellington , have all borne witness to the attraction of his society. Rich and famous, Gerard was stung by remorse for earlier ambitions abandoned; at intervals he had indeed striven to prove his strength with Girodet and other rivals, and his " Bataille d'Austerlitz " (181o) showed a breadth of invention and style which are even more conspicuous in " L'Entree d'Henri IV " (Versailles )the work with which in 1817 he did homage to the Bourbons. After this date Gerard declined, watching with impotent grief the progress of the Romantic school. Loaded with honoursbaron of the empire, member of the Institute, officer of the legion of honour, first painter to the kinghe worked on sad and discouraged; the revolution of 183o added to his disquiet; and on the 11th of January 1837, after three days of fever, he died. By his portraits Gerard is best remembered; the colour of his paintings has suffered, but his drawings show in uninjured delicacy the purity of his line; and those of women are specially remarkable for a virginal simplicity and frankness of expression.
M. Ch. Lenormant published in 1846 Essai de biographie et de critique sur Francois Gerard, a second edition of which appeared in 1847; and M. Delecluze devoted several pages to the same subject in his work Louis David, son ecole et son temps.
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