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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GEO-GNU |
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GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303) , the patron saint of England, Aragon and Portugal. According to the legend given by Metaphrastes the Byzantine hagiologist, and substantially repeated in the Roman Acta sanctorum and in the Spanish breviary, he was born in Cappadocia of noble Christian parents, from whom he received a careful religious training. Other accounts place his birth at Lydda, but preserve his Cappadocian parentage. Having em-braced the profession of a soldier, he rapidly rose under Diocletian to high military rank. In Persian Armenia he organized and energized the Christian community at Urmi (Urumiah), and even visited Britain on an imperial expedition. When Diocletian had begun to manifest a pronounced hostility towards Christianity, George sought a personal interview with him, in which he made deliberate profession of his faith, and, earnestly remonstrating against the persecution which had begun, resigned his commission. He was immediately laid under arrest, and after various tortures, finally put to death at Nicomedia (his body
The historical basis of the tradition is particularly unsound, there being two claimants to the name and honour. Eusebius, Hist. eccl. viii. 5, writes: " Immediately on the promulgation of the edict (of Diocletian) a certain man of no mean origin, but highly esteemed for his temporal dignities, as soon as the decree was published against the churches in Nicomedia, stimulated by a divine zeal and excited by an ardent faith, took it as it was openly placed and posted up for public inspection, and tore it to shreds as a most profane and wicked act. This, too, was done when the two Caesars were in the city, the first of whom was the eldest and chief
martyr
martyr
succession of great French mathematicians, for example, G. Monge, Geometrie descriptive (1800); J. V. Poncelet, Traite des proprietes projectives des figures (1822); M. Chasles, AperQu historique sur l'origine et le developpement des methodes en geometric (Bruxelles, 1837), and Traite de geometrie superieure (Paris, 1852) ; and many others. But the works which have been, and are still, of decisive influence on thought as a store
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The final period is characterized by the successful production of exact systems of axioms, and by the final solution of problems which have occupied mathematicians for two thousand years. The successful analysis of the ideas involved in serial continuity is due to R. Dedekind, Stetigkeit and irrationale Zahlen (1872), and to G. Cantor, Grundlagen einer allgemeinen Mannigfaltigkeitslehre ( Leipzig
Complete systems of axioms have been stated by M. Pasch, loc. cit. ; G. Peano, loc. cit. ; M. Pieri, loc. cit. ; B. Russell, Principles of Mathematics; O. Veblen, loc. cit.; and by G. Veronese in his treatise, Fondamenti di geometria (Padua, 1891; German transl. by A. Schepp, Grundzuge der Geometrie, Leipzig
special
For general expositions of the bearings of the above investigations, cf. Hon. Bertrand Russell, loc. cit. ; L. Couturat, Les Principes des mathematiques (Paris, 19o5); H. Poincar6, loc. cit. ; Russell and Whitehead, Principia mathematica ( Cambridge , Univ. Press). The philosophers whose views on space and geometric truth de-serve especial study are Descartes, Leibnitz, Hume, Kant and J. S. Mill. (A. N. W.)End of Article: GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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