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Encyclopedia Britannica



GEIKIE, JAMES (1839- )

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 553 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GAG-GEO
GEIKIE, JAMES (1839- ) , Scottish geologist, younger brother of Sir Archibald
Geikie
 , was born at Edinburgh on the 23rd of August 1839. He was educated at the high school and university of Edinburgh. He served on the
Geological
  Survey from 1861 until 1882, when he succeeded his brother as Murchison professor of geology and
mineralogy
  at the university of Edinburgh. He took as his
special
  subject of investigation the origin of surface-features, and the part played in their formation by glacial action. His views are embodied in his
chief
 
work
 , The
Great
  Ice Age and its Relation to the Antiquity of Man (1874; 3rd ed., 1894). He was elected F.R.S. in x875. James
Geikie
  became the leader of the school that upholds the all-important action of land-ice, as against those geologists who assign
chief
  importance to the
work
  of
pack
 -ice and icebergs. Continuing this line of investigation in his Prehistoric Europe (1881) , he maintained the hypothesis of five inter-Glacial periods in
Great
  Britain, and argued that the palaeolithic deposits of the Pleistocene period were not post- but inter- or pre-Glacial. His Fragments of Earth
Lore
 : Sketches and Addresses,
Geological
  and Geographical (1893) and Earth Sculpture (1898) are mainly concerned with the same subject. His Outlines of Geology (1886), a standard text-book of its subject, reached its third edition in 1896; and in 19o5 he published an important
manual
  on Structural and Field Geology. In 1887 he displayed another side of his activity in a volume of Songs and Lyrics by H. Heine and other German Poets, done into English Verse. From 1888 he was honorary editor of 'the Scottish Geographical Magazine.


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