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Encyclopedia Britannica



GAUHATI

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 532 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GAG-GEO
GAUHATI , a town of British India, in the Kamrup
district
  of Eastern Bengal and Assam, mainly on the left or
south
 , but partly on the right bank of the Brahmaputra. Pop. (1901) 14,244. It is beautifully situated, with an
amphitheatre
  of wooded hills to the
south
 , but is not very healthy. There are many evidences, such as ancient earthworks and tanks, of its historical importance. During the 17th century it was taken and retaken by Mahommedans and Ahoms eight times in fifty years, but in 1681 it became the residence of the Ahom
governor
  of lower Assam, and in 1786 the
capital
  of the Ahom raja. On the cession of Assam to the British in 1826 it was made the seat of the British administration of Assam, and so continued till 1874, when the headquarters were removed to Shillong in the Khasi hills, 67 m. distant, with which Gauhati is connected by an excellent cart-road. Two much-frequented places of Hindu
pilgrimage
  are situated in the immediate vicinity, the temple of Kamakhya on a hill 2 in. west of the town, and the rocky
island
  of Umananda in the mid-channel of the Brahmaputra. Gauhati is still the headquarters of the
district
  and of the Brahmaputra Valley division, though no longer a military cantonment. It is the river terminus of a section of the Assam-Bengal railway. There are a second-grade college, a government high school, a law class and a training school for masters. Gauhati is an important centre of river trade, and the largest seat of commerce in Assam.
Cotton
 -ginning, flour-milling, and an export trade in mustard seed,
cotton
 , silk and forest produce are carried on. Gauhati suffered very severely from the earth-quake of the 12th of June 1897.


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