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Encyclopedia Britannica



GAME

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 440 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GAG-GEO
GAME , a word which in its primary and widest significance means any amusement or
sport
 , often combined in the early examples with "
glee
 ," " play," " joy " or " solace." It is a common Teutonic word, in O. Eng. gamen, in O.H.G. gaman, but only appears in modern usage outside
English
  in Dan. gammon and Swed. gammon. The ulterior derivation is obscure, but philologists have identified it with the Goth. gaman, companion or companionship; if this be so, it is compounded of the prefix ga-, with, and the root seen in " man." Apart from its primary and general meaning the word has two specific applications, first to a contest played as a recreation or as an exhibition of skill, in accordance with rules and regulations; and, secondly, to those wild animals which are the objects of the chase, and their flesh as used for food, distinguished as such from
meat
 , fish and poultry, and from the flesh of deer, to which the name " venison " is given. For " game," from the legal aspect, and the
laws
  relating to its pursuit and capture see GAME
LAWS
 . The athletic contests of the ancient Greeks (ayiaves) and the public shows (ludi) of the arena and
amphitheatre
  of the ancient Romans are treated below (GAMES, CLASSICAL); the various forms of modern games, indoor and outdoor, whether of skill, strength or chance, are dealt with under their specific titles. A
special
  use ("gaming" or "gambling") restricts the
term
  to the playing of games for money, or to betting and wagering on the results of events, as in horse-racing, &c. (see GAMING AND WAGERING). " Gamble," " gambler " and " gambling " appear very
late
  in
English
 . The earliest quotations in the New English Dictionary for the three words are dated 1775, 1747 and 1784 respectively. They were first regarded as cant or
slang
  words, and implied a reproach, either as referring to cheats or sharpers, or to those who played recklessly for extravagant stakes. The form of the words is obscure, but is supposed to represent a local variation gammle of the M.E. gamenian. From this word must, of course, be distinguished " gambol," to
sport
 , frisk, which, as the older forms (gambald, gambaud) show, is from the Fr. gambade, leap, jump, of a horse, It. gambado, gamba, leg (Mod. Fr. jambe).


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