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Encyclopedia Britannica



GALLABAT, or GALABAT

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 412 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GAG-GEO
GALLABAT, or GALABAT , called by the Abyssinians Matemma (Metemma), a town of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, in 13 N. 36 12' E. It is built, at the foot of a steep slope, on the left bank of a tributary of the Atbara called the Khor Abnaheir, which forms here the Sudan-Abyssinian frontier. Gallabat lies 90 M. W. by N. of Gondar, the
capital
  of Amhara, and being on the main. route from Sennar to Abyssinia, is a trade centre of some importance. Pop. about 3000. The
majority
  of the buildings are grass tukls. Slaves, beeswax, coffee,
cotton
  and hides were formerly the
chief
  articles of commerce. The slave market was closed about 1874. Being on the frontier line, the possession of the town was for long a matter of dispute between the Sudanese, and later the Egyptians, on the one hand and the Abyssinians on the other: About 187o the Egyptians garrisoned the town, which in 1886 was attacked by the dervishes and sacked. From Gallabat a dervish raiding party penetrated to Gondar, which they looted. In revenge an Abyssinian army under King John attacked the dervishes close to Gallabat in March 1889. The dervishes suffered very severely, but King John being killed by a stray bullet, the Abyssinians retired (see EGYPT: Military Operations,1885-1896). In December 1898 an Anglo-Egyptian force entered Gallabat. The Abyssinians then held the fort, but as the result of frontier arrangement the town was definitely included in the Sudan, though Abyssinia takes half the customs revenue. Since 1899 the trade of the place has revived, coffee and live stock being the most important items.
The town and
district
  form a small ethnographical island, having been peopled in the 18th century by a colony of Takruri from Darfur, who, finding the spot a convenient resting-place for their fellow-pilgrims on their way to Mecca and back, obtained permission from the negus of Abyssinia to make a permanent
settlement
 . They are an industrious agricultural race, and cultivate
cotton
  with considerable success. They also collect honey in large quantities. The Takruri possess jagged throwing knives, which are said to have been brought from their
original
 
home
  in the Upper Congo regions.


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