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Encyclopedia Britannica



GALE, THEOPHILUS (1628-1678)

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 398 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GAG-GEO
GALE, THEOPHILUS (1628-1678) , English nonconformist divine, was born in 1628 at Kingsteignton, in Devonshire, where his father was
vicar
 . In 1647 he was entered at Magdalen College,
Oxford
 , where he took his B.A. degree in 1649, and M.A. in 1652. In 165o he was made fellow and tutor of his college. He remained some years at
Oxford
 , discharging actively the duties of tutor, and was in 1657 appointed as preacher in Winchester cathedral. In 1662 he refused to submit to the Act of Uniformity, and was ejected. He became tutor to the sons of Lord Wharton, whom he accompanied to the
Protestant
  college of Caen, in Normandy, returning to England in 1665. The latter portion of his life he passed in London as assistant to John Rowe, an Independent minister who had charge of an important church in Holborn;
Gale
  succeeded Rowe in 1677, and died in the following year. His principal
work
 , The Court of the Gentiles, which appeared in parts in 1669, 1671 and 1676, is a strange storehouse of miscellaneous philosophical learning. It resembles the Intellectual System of Ralph Cudworth, though much inferior to that
work
  both in general construction and in fundamental idea.
Gale
 's endeavour (based on a hint of Grotius in De veritate, i. 16) is to prove that the whole philosophy of the Gentiles is a distorted or mangled reproduction of Biblical truths. Just as Cudworth referred the Dennocritean
doctrine
  of atoms to Moses as the
original
  author, so Gale tries to show that the various systems of Greek thought may be traced back to Biblical sources. Like so many of the learned works of the 17th century, the Court of the
Gentiles is chaotic and unsystematic, while its erudition is rendered almost valueless by the complete absence of any
critical
  discrimination.
His other writings are: A True Idea of
Jansenism
  (1669); Theophil, or a Discourse of the Saint's Amitie with God in Christ (1671) ; Anatomie of Infidelitie (1672) ; Idea theologiae (1693); Philosophic generalis (1676).


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