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Encyclopedia Britannica



GALES (mod. Calvi)

This article appears in Volume V04, Page 1004 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GAG-GEO
GALES (mod. Calvi) , an ancient city of Campania, belonging originally to the Aurunci, on the Via
Latina
 , 8 m. N.N.W. of
Casilinum
 . It was taken by the Romans in 335 B.C., and, a .:olony with Latin rights of 2500 citizens having been established there, it was for a
long
  time the centre of the Roman dominion in Campania, and the seat of the quaestor for southern Italy even down to the days of Tacitus? It was an important base in the war against Hannibal, and at last refused further contributions for the war. Before 184 more settlers were sent there. After the Social War it became a municipium. The fertility of its territory and its manufacture of black glazed pottery, which was even exported to Etruria, made it prosperous. At the end of the 3rd century it appears as a colony, and in the 5th century it became an episcopal see, which (jointly with Teano since 1818) it still is, though it is now a mere
village
 . The
cathedral
 , of the 12th century, has a carved portal and three apses decorated with small arches and pilasters, and contains a fine pulpit and episcopal throne in
marble
  mosaic. Near it are two grottos
I To the period after 335 belong numerous silver and bronze coins with the legend Caleno.which have been used for Christian
worship
  and contain frescoes of the loth and 1th centuries (E. Bertaux, L'Art clans l'Italie meridionale (Paris, 1904), i. 244, &c.).
Inscriptions
  name six gates of the town: and there are considerable remains of antiquity, especially of an
amphitheatre
  and theatre, of a supposed temple, and other edifices. A number of tombs belonging to the Roman -necropolis were discovered in 1883.
See C. Hiilsen in Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopadie, iii. 1351 (
Stuttgart
 , 1899). (T. As.)


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