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Encyclopedia Britannica



GALANGAL

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 392 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: GAG-GEO
GALANGAL , formerly written " galingale," and sometimes " garingal," rhizome galangae (Arab. Kholinjan ;' Ger. Galgantwurzel; Fr. Racine de Galanga), a drug, now obsolete, with an aromatic
taste
  like that of mingled ginger and pepper. Lesser galangal root, radix galangae minoris, the
ordinary
  galangal of commerce, is the dried rhizome of Alpinia officinarum, a plant of the natural order Zingiberaceae, growing in the Chinese
island
  of Hainan, where it is cultivated, and probably also in the woods of the southern provinces of China. The plant is closely allied to Alpinia calcarata, the rhizome of which is sold in the bazaars of some parts of India as a sort of galangal. Its stems attain a length of about 4 ft., and its leaves are slender, lanceolate and light-green, and have a hot
taste
 ; the
flowers
  are white with red veins, and in simple racemes; the roots form dense masses, sometimes more than a foot in
diameter
 ; and the rhizomes grow horizontally, and are 4 in. or less in thickness. Galangal seems to have been unknown to the ancient Greeks and Romans, and to have been first introduced into Europe by Arabian physicians. It is mentioned in the writings of Ibn Khurdadbah, an Arabian geographer who flourished in the latter half of the 9th century, and " gallengar " (gallingale or galangal) is one of the ingredients in an Anglo-Saxon receipt for a " wen salve " (see O. Cockayne, Saxon Leechdoms, vol. iii. p.13). In the middle ages, as at present in
Livonia
 , Esthonia and central
Russia
 , galangal was in esteem in Europe both as a
medicine
  and a spice, and in China it is still employed as a therapeutic agent. Its
chief
 
consumption
  is in
Russia
 , where it is used as a cattle-
medicine
 , and as a flavouring for liqueurs.


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