FRIEZE

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 230 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: FRA-GAE

FRIEZE . 1. (Through the Fr. frise, and Ital. fregio, from the. Lat. Phrygium, sc. opus, Phrygian or embroidered

work

WORK

), a

term

TERM

given in architecture to the central division of the en-tablature of an order (see ORDER), but also applied to any oblong

horizontal

HORIZONTAL

feature, introduced for decorative purposes and enriched with carving. The Doric frieze had a structural origin as the triglyphs suggest vertical support. The Ionic frieze was purely decorative and probably did not exist in the earliest examples, if we may judge by the copies found in the Lycian tombs carved in the

rock

. There is no frieze in the Caryatide portico of the Erechtheum, but in the Ionic temples its introduction may have been necessitated in consequence of more height being required in the

entablature

ENTABLATURE (Lat. in, and tabula, a tablet)

to carry the beams supporting the lacunaria over the

peristyle

PERISTYLE (Gr. wept, round, and oriaos, column)

. In the frieze of the Erechtheum the figures (about 2 ft. high) were carved in white

marble

MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

and affixed by clamps to a background of black Eleusinian

marble

MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

. The frieze of the Choragic

monument

MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

of Lysicrates (10 in. high) was carved with figures representing the story of Dionysus and the pirates. The most remarkable frieze ever sculptured was that on the outside of the

wall

WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the
original
- ORIGINAL
O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

of the cella of the Parthenon representing the procession of the celebrants of the Panathenaic Festival. It was 40 in. in height and 525 ft. long, being carried round the whole building under the

peristyle

PERISTYLE (Gr. wept, round, and oriaos, column)

. Nearly the whole of the western frieze exists in situ; of the remainder, about half is in the British Museum, and as much as remains is either in Athens or in other museums. In some of the Roman temples, as in the temple of Antoninus and Faustina and the temple of the Sun, the frieze is elaborately carved and in later

work

WORK

is made convex, to which the

term

TERM

" pulvinated " is given.
2. (Probably connected with " frizz," to curl; there is no historical reason to connect the word with Friesland), a thick, rough woollen cloth, of very lasting quality, and with a heavy nap, forming small tufts or curls. It is largely manufactured in Ireland.

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