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Encyclopedia Britannica



FRIEZE

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 230 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: FRA-GAE
FRIEZE . 1. (Through the Fr. frise, and Ital. fregio, from the. Lat. Phrygium, sc. opus, Phrygian or embroidered
work
 ), a
term
  given in architecture to the central division of the en-tablature of an order (see ORDER), but also applied to any oblong
horizontal
  feature, introduced for decorative purposes and enriched with carving. The Doric frieze had a structural origin as the triglyphs suggest vertical support. The Ionic frieze was purely decorative and probably did not exist in the earliest examples, if we may judge by the copies found in the Lycian tombs carved in the
rock
 . There is no frieze in the Caryatide portico of the Erechtheum, but in the Ionic temples its introduction may have been necessitated in consequence of more height being required in the
entablature
  to carry the beams supporting the lacunaria over the
peristyle
 . In the frieze of the Erechtheum the figures (about 2 ft. high) were carved in white
marble
  and affixed by clamps to a background of black Eleusinian
marble
 . The frieze of the Choragic
monument
  of Lysicrates (10 in. high) was carved with figures representing the story of Dionysus and the pirates. The most remarkable frieze ever sculptured was that on the outside of the
wall
  of the cella of the Parthenon representing the procession of the celebrants of the Panathenaic Festival. It was 40 in. in height and 525 ft. long, being carried round the whole building under the
peristyle
 . Nearly the whole of the western frieze exists in situ; of the remainder, about half is in the British Museum, and as much as remains is either in Athens or in other museums. In some of the Roman temples, as in the temple of Antoninus and Faustina and the temple of the Sun, the frieze is elaborately carved and in later
work
  is made convex, to which the
term
  " pulvinated " is given.
2. (Probably connected with " frizz," to curl; there is no historical reason to connect the word with Friesland), a thick, rough woollen cloth, of very lasting quality, and with a heavy nap, forming small tufts or curls. It is largely manufactured in Ireland.


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