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Encyclopedia Britannica



FRIAR (from the Lat. (rater, through the Fr. frere)

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 212 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: FRA-GAE
FRIAR (from the Lat. (rater, through the Fr. frere) , the English generic naive for members of the mendicant religious orders. Formerly it was the title given to individual members of these orders, as Friar Laurence (in Romeo and Juliet), but this is not now common. In England the
chief
  orders of friars were distinguished. by the colour of their habit: thus the
Franciscans
  or Minors were the Grey Friars; the
Dominicans
  or Preachers were the Black Friars (from their black mantle over a white habit), and the Carmelites were the White Friars (from their white mantle over a brown habit): these, together with the Austin Friars or Hermits, formed the four
great
  mendicant ordersChaucer's " alle the ordres foure." Besides the four
great
  orders of friars, the Trinitarians (q.v.), though really canons, were in England called Trinity Friars or Red Friars; the Crutched or Crossed Friars were often identified with them, but were really a distinct order; there were also a number of lesser orders of friars, many of which were suppressed by the second council of Lyons in 1274. Detailed information on these orders and on their position in England is given in
separate
  articles. The difference between friars and monks is explained in article
MONASTICISM
 . Though the usage is not accurate, friars, and also canons
regular
 , are often spoken of as monks and included among the monastic orders.
See Fr. Cuthbert, The Friars and how they came to England, pp. 11-32 (1903) ; also F. A. Gasquet, English Monastic
Life
 , pp. 234-249 (1904), where
special
  information on all the English friars is coveniently brought together. (E. C. B.)


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