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Encyclopedia Britannica



FRANCOIS DE NEUFCHATEAU, NICOLAS LOUIS, COUNT (17501828)

This article appears in Volume V11, Page 15 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: FRA-GAE
FRANCOIS DE NEUFCHATEAU, NICOLAS LOUIS, COUNT (17501828) , French statesman and poet, was born at Saffais near Rozieres in
Lorraine
  on the 17th of April 1750, the son of a school-teacher. He studied at the Jesuit college of Neufchateau in the Vosges, and at the age of fourteen published a volume of poetry which obtained the approbation of Rousseau and of Voltaire. Neufchateau conferred on him its name, and he was elected member of some of the
principal
  academies of France. In 1783 he was named procureur-general to the council of Santo Domingo. He had previously been engaged on a
translation
  of Ariosto, which he finished before his return to France five years afterwards, but it perished during the shipwreck which occurred during his voyage
home
 . After the Revolution he was elected
deputy
  suppleant to the National Assembly, was charged with the organization of the Department of the Vosges, and was elected later to the Legislative Assembly, of which he first became secretary and then president. In 1793 he was imprisoned on account of the political sentiments, in reality very innocent, of his drama Pamela ou la vertu recompensee (Theatre de la Nation, 1st August 1793), but was set free a few days afterwards at the revolution of the 9th Thermidor. In 1797 he became minister of the interior, in which office he distinguished himself by the thoroughness of his administration in all departments. It is to him that France owes its system of inland navigation. He inaugurated the museum of the Louvre,
534,000 835,E
and was one of the promoters of the first universal exhibition of industrial products. From 1804 to 18o6 he was president of the Senate, and" in that capacity the duty devolved upon him of soliciting
Napoleon
  to assume the title of emperor. In 18o8 he received the dignity of
count
 . Retiring from public life in 1814, he occupied himself chiefly in the study of agriculture, until his death on the lotli of January 1828.
Francois de Neufchateau had very multifarious accomplishments, and interested himself in a
great
  variety of subjects, but his fame rests chiefly on what he did as a statesman for the encouragement and development of the
industries
  of France. His maturer poetical productions did not fulfil the promise of those of his early years, for though some of his verses have a superficial elegance, his poetry generally lacks force and originality. He had considerable qualifications as a grammarian and critic, as is witnessed by his editions of the Provinciales and Pensees of Pascal (Paris, 1822 and 1826) and Gil Bias (Paris, 1820). His
principal
  poetical works are Poesies diverses (1765); Ode sur les parlements (1771) ; Nouveaux Conies moraux (1781) ; Les Vosges (1796) ; Fables et conies (1814); and Les Tropes, ou les figures de mots (1817). He was also the author of a large number of works on agriculture.
See Recueil des lettres, circulaires, discours et autres actes publics emanes du Cie. Francois pendant ses deux exercices du minislere de l'interieur (Paris, An. vii.-viii., 2 vols.) ; Notice biographique sur M. le comte Francois de Neufchdteau (1828), by A. F. de Sillery; H. Bonnelier, Mimoires sur Francois de Neufchdteau (Paris, 1829) ; J. Lamoureux, Notice historique et litteraire sur la vie et les ecrits de Francois de Neufchdteau (Paris, 1843) ; E. Meaume, Etude historique et biographique sur les Lorrains revolulionnaires: Palissot, Gregoire, Francois de Neufchdteau (
Nancy
 , 1882) ; Ch. Simian, Francois de Neufchdteau et les expositions (Paris, 1889).


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