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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: FRA-GAE |
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FRANCIA (c. 1450-1517) , a Bolognese painter, whose real name was Francesco Raibolini, his father being Marco di Giacomo Raibolini, a carpenter, descended from an old and creditable family, was born at Bologna about 1450. He was apprenticed to a goldsmith currently named Francia , and from him probably he got the nickname whereby he is generally known; he more-over studied design under Marco Zoppo. The youth was thus originally a goldsmith, and also an engraver of dies and niellos, and in these arts he became extremely eminent. He was particularly famed for his dies for medals; he rose to be mint-master at Bologna, and retained that office till the end of his life. A famous medal of Pope Julius II. as liberator of Bologna is ascribed to his hand, but not with certainty. As a type-founder he made for Aldus Manutius the first italic type.At a mature agehaving first, it appears, become acquainted with Mantegnahe turned his attention to painting. His earliest known picture is dated 1494 (not 1490, as ordinarily stated). It shows so much mastery that one is compelled to believe that Raibolini must before then have practised painting for some few years. This work
Mantegna
Francia probably studied likewise the works of Perugino; and he became a friend and ardent admirer of Raphael, to whom he addressed an enthusiastic sonnet. Raphael cordially responded to the Bolognese master's admiration, and said, in a letter dated in 1508, that few painters or none had produced Madonnas more beautiful, more devout, or better portrayed than those of Francia. If we may trust Vasaribut it is difficult to suppose that he was entirely correctthe exceeding value which Francia set on Raphael's art brought him to his grave. Raphael had consigned to Francia his famous picture of " St Cecilia
A contemporary record, after attesting his pre-eminence as a goldsmith, jeweller and painter, states that he was " most hand-some in person and highly eloquent." Distanced though he may have been by Raphael, Francis is rightly regarded as the greatest painter of the earlier Bolognese school, and hardly to be surpassed as representing the art termed " antico-moderno," or of the " quattrocento:" It has been well observed that his style is a medium between that of Perugino and that of Giovanni Bellini; he has somewhat more of spontaneous naturalism than the former, and of abstract dignity in feature and form than the latter. The magnificent portrait in the Louvre of a young
great
Martyr
Cecilia
design of Raibolini, but not all executed by himself. His landscape backgrounds are of uncommon excellence. Francia had more than 200 scholars. Marcantonio Raimondi, the famous engraver, is the most renowned of them; next to him Amico Aspertini, and Francia's own son Giacomo, and his cousin
work
Among the authorities as to the life and work of Francia may be mentioned J. A.Calvi, Memorie delta vita di Francesco Raibolini (1812), and especially G. C. Williamson, Francia (two). (W. M. R.) End of Article: FRANCIA (c. 1450-1517) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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