FRANCESCHI, JEAN BAPTISTE, BARON (1766-1813)

This article appears in Volume V10, Page 930 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: FLA-FRA

FRANCESCHI, JEAN BAPTISTE, BARON (1766-1813) , French general, was born at

Bastia

BASTIA

on the 5th of December 1766 and entered the French service in 1793. He took part in the operations in Corsica in the following year, and received a wound at the siege of San Fiorenzo. After this he left the

island

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

and was appointed a field officer in the French Army of Italy, with which he served from 1795 to 1799. He served as a general officer in the campaign of Marengo, in the Naples campaign of 1805-1806., and in the Peninsular War from 1807 to 1809. He was created a baron by

Napoleon

NAPOLEON

. He commanded a Neapolitan brigade in the Russian War of 1812, and after the

retreat

RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

from Moscow took

refuge

REFUGE

, with the remnant of his command, in Danzig, where in the course of the siege of 1813 he died on the 19th of

March

.
Two other generals of brigade in

Napoleon

NAPOLEON

's wars bore the name of Franceschi, and the three have often been mistaken for each other. The first was born at Lyons, JEAN BAPTISTE MARIE FRANCESCIII-DELONNE (1767-1810), who served throughout the Revolutionary campaign on the Rhine, took part in the campaign of Zurich in 1799, and distinguished himself very greatly by his escape from, and subsequent return to, Genoa, when in 1800 Massena was closely besieged in that city. He became a cavalry colonel in 1803, was promoted general of brigade on the field of Austerlitz, and served in southern Italy and in Spain on the staff of King Joseph Bonaparte. During the Peninsular War he won

great

GREAT

distinction as a cavalry general, and in 1810 Napoleon made him a baron. At this time he was a prisoner in the hands of the Spaniards, into whose hands he had fallen while bearing important despatches during the campaign of Talavera. He was harshly treated by his captors, and died at Carthagena on the 23rd of October 181o. The second, was FRANCOIS FRANCESCHI-LOSIO (1770-1810), born at

Milan

MILAN
MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

, who entered the French Revolutionary army in 1795, He served through the Italian campaign of 1796-97, and subsequently, like Franceschi-Delonne, with Massena at Zurich and at Genoa, and at the headquarters of King Joseph in Italy and Spain. He was killed in a duel by the Neapolitan colonel

Filangieri

in 1810. -

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