FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

This article appears in Volume V10, Page 738 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found) , the
act of building, constituting or instituting on a permanent basis; especially the establishing of any institution by endowing or providing it with funds for its continual maintenance. The word is thus applied also to the institutions so established, such as a college, monastery or

hospital

; and the terms " on the foundation," or " foundationer," are used of members of such a college or society who enjoy, as fellows, scholars, &c., the benefits of the endowment. Formerly " foundation " also meant the charter or incorporation of any such institution or society, and
it is still applied to the funds used for the endowment of such institutions.
The terms " old foundation " and " new foundation " used in connexion with the organizing of English cathedral chapters have no reference to the age of the cathedrals. At the time of the Reformation under

Henry

HENRY
HENRY (1129-1195)
HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G.
heim
- HEIM, ALBERT VON ST GALLEN (1849- )
- HEIM, FRANCOIS JOSEPH (1787-1865)
, the Eng.
home
- HOME
- HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
- HOME, EARLS OF
, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
EDWARD
- EDWARD
_LAMSON_1841_.html">HENRY,
EDWARD
- EDWARD
LAMSON (1841– )
HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
HENRY,
PATRICK
- PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
- PATRICK, ST
(1736–1799)
HENRY, PRINCE OF
BATTENBERG
- BATTENBERG
(1858-1896)
HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

VIII. the old college chapters were left unchanged, and are referred to as the " old

foundations

FOUNDATIONS

," but the monastic chapters were all suppressed, consequently new chapters had to be formed for their cathedrals and these constitute the " new

foundations

FOUNDATIONS

."
" Foundation " also means the base (natural or artificial) on which any erection is built up; generally made below the level of the ground (see FOUNDATIONS below). A foundation-stone is one of the stones at the base of a building, generally a corner-stone, frequently laid with a public ceremony to celebrate the commencement of the building. The

term

TERM

is also applied to the ground-

work

WORK

of any structure, such as, in dress-making, the underskirt over which the real skirt is hung, any material used for stiffening purposes, as " foundation muslin or net." In knitting or crochet the first stitches on to which all the rest are worked are called the " foundation chain." In gem-cutting the " foundation-square " is the first of eight squares round the edges of a brilliant made in bevel planes and from which the angles are all removed to form three-corner facets.

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