FOUILLEE, ALFRED JULES EMILE (1838 )

This article appears in Volume V10, Page 737 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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FOUILLEE, ALFRED JULES EMILE (1838 ) , French philosopher, was born at La Poueze on the 18th of October 1838. He held several

minor

philosophical lectureships, and from 1864 was professor of philosophy at the lycees of Douai, Montpellier and Bordeaux successively. In 1867 and 1868 he was crowned by the

Academy

ACADEMY, GREEK
ACADEMY, ROYAL

of Moral Science for his

work

WORK

on Plato and Sdcrates. In 1872 he was elected master of conferences at the Ecole Normale, and was made

doctor

DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

of philosophy in recognition of his two

treatises

TREATISES

, Platonis Hippias

Minor

sine Socratica contra liberum arbitriu'm argumenta and La Liberte et le determinisme. The strain of the next three years' continuous

work

WORK

undermined his health and his eyesight, and he was compelled to retire from his professorship. During these years he had published works on Plato and Socrates and a history of philosophy (1875); but after his retirement he further developed his philosophical position, a speculative eclecticism through which he endeavoured to reconcile metaphysical idealism with the naturalistic and mechanical standpoint of science. In L'Evolutionnisme des idees-forces (189o), La Psychologie des idees-forces (1893), and La Morale des idees-forces (1907), is elaborated his

doctrine

DOCTRINE

of idees forces, or of mind as efficient cause through the tendency of ideas to realize themselves in appropriate

movement

MOVEMENT

. Ethical and sociological developments of this theory succeed its physical and psychological treatment, the consideration of the antinomy of freedom being especially important. Fouillee's wife, who by a previous

marriage

MARRIAGE

was the mother of the poet and philosopher Jean Marie Guyau (18541888), is well known, under the pseudonym of " G. Bruno," as the author of educational books for children.
His other

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

works are: L'Idee moderne du

droit

DROIT (Fr. for " right," from Lat. directus, straight)

en Allemagne, en Angleterre et en France (Paris, 1878) ; La Science sociale contemporaine (188o); La Propriete sociale et la democratie (1884); Critique des systemes de morale contemporains (1883); La Morale, fart et la religion d'apres Guyau (1889) ; L'Avenir de la metaphysique fondee sur l'experience (1889) ; L'Enseignement au point de vue national (1891); Descartes (1893); Temperament etcaractere (2nd ed., 1895); Le Mouvement positiviste et la conception sociologique du monde (1896) ; Le Mouvement idealism et la reaction contre la science positive (1896); La Psychologie du pei'ple francais (2nd ed., 1898); La France au point de vue moral (1900); L'Esquisse psychologique des peuples europeens (1903) ; Nietzsche et l' " immoralisme " (1903) ; Le Moralisme de Kant (1905).

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