FOUCQUET, JEAN, or JEHAN (c. 14151485)

This article appears in Volume V10, Page 737 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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FOUCQUET, JEAN, or JEHAN (c. 14151485) , French painter, born at Tours, is the most representative and national French painter of the 15th century. Of his life little is known, but it is certain that he was in Italy about 1437, where he executed the portrait of

Pope

Eugenius IV., and that upon his return to France, whilst retaining his purely French sentiment, he grafted the elements of the Tuscan style, which he had acquired during his sojourn in Italy, upon the style of the Van Eycks, which was the basis of early 15th-century French art, and thus became the founder of an important new school. He was court painter to Louis XI. Though his supreme excellence as an illuminator and miniaturist, of exquisite precision in the rendering of the finest detail, and his power of clear characterization in

work

WORK

on this minute scale, have long since procured him an eminent position in the art of his country, his importance as a painter was only realized when his portraits and altarpieces were for the first time brought together from various parts of Europe in 1904, at the exhibition of the French Primitives held at the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. One of Foucquet's most important paintings is the diptych, formerly at Notre Dame de Melun, of which one wing, depicting Agnes Sorel as the Virgin, is now at the Antwerp Museum and the other in the Berlin Gallery. The Louvre has his oil portraits of Charles VII., of Count Wilczek, and of Jouvenal des Ursine, besides a portrait drawing in crayon; whilst an authentic portrait from his brush is in the Liechtenstein collection. Far more numerous are his illuminated books and miniatures that have come down to us. The Brentano-Laroche collection at Frankfort contains

forty

FORTY

miniatures from a Book of Hours, painted in 1461 for Etienne Chevalier who is portrayed by Foucquet on the Berlin wing of the Melun altarpiece. From Foucquet's hand again are eleven out of the fourteen miniatures illustrating a translation of Josephus at the Bibliotheque Nationale. The second volume of this MS., unfortunately with only one of the

original

ORIGINAL

thirteen miniatures, was discovered and bought in 1903 by Mr

Henry

Yates

Thompson

at a London sale, and restored by him to France.
See fEuvres de Jehan Foucquet (Curmer, Paris, 18661867) ; A. de Champeaux and P. Gauchery, Euvres d'art executees pour le duc de

Berry

; ` Facsimiles of two histories by Jean Foucquet " from vols. i. and ii. of the Anciennetes des _Tuffs (London, 19o2); Charles Blanc, Histoire des peintres de toutes les ecoles (introduction) ; and Georges Lafenestre, Jehan Fouquet (Paris, 1902).

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