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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: FLA-FRA |
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FONTAINEBLEAU , a town of northern France, capital of an arrondissement in the department of Seine-et-Marne, 37 M. S.E. of Paris on the railway to Lyons. Pop. (Igoe) 11,1o8. Fontainebleau, a town of clean, wide and well-built streets, stands in the midst of the forest of Fontainebleau, nearly 2 M. from the left bank of the Seine. Of its old houses, the Tambour mansion, and a portion of that which belonged to the cardinal of Ferrara, both of the 16th century, are still preserved; apart from the palace, the public buildings are without interest
Fontainebleau has quarries of sand and sandstone, saw-mills, and manufactories of porcelain
series of courts surrounded by buildings, extending from W. to E.N.E.; they comprise the Cour du Cheval Blanc or des Adieux (thus named in memory of the parting scene between Napoleon
Augustus
Breton
Napoleon
on works of restoration, and Louis XVIII., Louis Philippe and Napoleon III. devoted considerable sums to the same end. The palace is surrounded by gardens and ornamental watersto the north the Jardin de 1'Orangerie, to the south the Jardin Anglais and the Parterre, between which extends the lake known as the Bassin des Carpes, containing carp in large numbers. A space of over 200 acres to the east of the palace is covered by the park, which is traversed by a canal dating from the reign of Henry IV. On the north the park is bordered by a vinery producing fine white grapes. Forest of Fontainebleau.The forest of Fontainebleau is one of the most beautiful wooded tracts in France, and for generations it has been the chosen haunt of French landscape painters. Among the most celebrated spots are the Vallee de la Solle, the Gorge aux Loups, the Gorges de Franchard and d'Apremont, and the Fort l'Empereur. The whole area extends to 42,200 acres, with a circumference of 56 m. Nearly a quarter of this area is of a rocky nature, and the quarries of sandstone supplied a large part of the paving of Paris. The oak, pine, beech, horn-beam and birch are'the chief
It is impossible to do more than mention a few of the historical events which have taken place at Fontainebleau. Philip the Fair, Henry III. and Louis XIII. were all born in the palace, and the first of these kings died there. James V. of Scotland was there received by his intended bride; and Charles V. of Germany was entertained there in 1539. Christina of Sweden lived there for years, and the gallery is still to be seen where in 1657 she caused her secretary Monaldeschi to be put to death. In 1685 Fontainebleau saw the signing of the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and in the following year the death of the great Conde . In the 18th century it had two illustrious guests in Peter the Great of Russia and Christian VII. of Denmark; and in the early part of the 19th century it was twice the residence of Pius VII. in 1804 when he came to consecrate the emperor Napoleon, and in 1812-1814, when he was his prisoner.See Pfnor, Monographie de Fontainebleau, with text by Champollion Figeac (Paris, 1866) ; Guide artistique et historique au palais de Fontainebleau (Paris, 1889) ; E. Bourges, Recherches sur Fontainebleau (Fontainebleau, 1896). End of Article: FONTAINEBLEAU If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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