FLOYD, JOHN BUCHANAN (18071863)

This article appears in Volume V10, Page 574 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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FLOYD, JOHN BUCHANAN (18071863) , American politician, was born at Blacksburg, Virginia, on the 1st of June 1807. He was the son of John Floyd (17701837), a representative in Congress from 1817 to 1829 and

governor

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

of Virginia from 1830 to 1834. After graduating at

South

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

Carolina College in 1826, the son practised law in his native state and at

Helena

HELENA
HELENA, ST (c. 247-c. 327)

, Arkansas, and in 1839 settled in Washington county, Virginia, which in 18471849 and again in 1853 he represented in the state legislature. Meanwhile, from 1849 to 1852, he was

governor

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

of Virginia, in which position he recommended to the legislature the enactment of a law laying an import tax on the products of such states as refused to surrender fugitive slaves owned by Virginia masters. In

March

1857 he became secretary of war in President Buchanan's cabinet, where his lack of administrative ability was soon apparent. In December 186o, on ascertaining that Floyd had honoured heavy drafts made by government con-tractors in anticipation of their earnings, the president requested his resignation. Several days later Floyd was indicted for malversation in office, but the indictment was overruled on technical grounds. There is no proof that he profited by these irregular transactions; in fact he went out of the office
From Strasburger's Lehrbuch der Botanik, by permission of Gustav Fischer.
fs, Stalk-like base of ovary. fu, Funicle. cha, Chalaza.
nu, Nucellus.
mi, Micropylc.
ii, inner, ie, outer integument. e, Embryo-sac.
ek, Nucleus of embryo-sac. ei, Egg-apparatus.
an, Antipodal cells.
g, Style.
n, Stigma.
P,

Pollen

POLLEN, AUGUST (or, as he afterwards called himself, ADOLF) LUDWIG (1794-1855)

-grains.
ps,

Pollen

POLLEN, AUGUST (or, as he afterwards called himself, ADOLF) LUDWIG (1794-1855)

-tubes.
financially embarrassed. Though he had openly opposed secession before the election of Lincoln, his conduct after that event, especially after his breach with Buchanan, fell under suspicion, and he was accused of having sent large stores of government arms to Southern arsenals in anticipation of the Civil War. In the last days of his

term

TERM

he apparently had such an intention, but during the year 1860 the Southern States actually received less than their full quota of arms. After the secession of Virginia he was commissioned a brigadier-general in the Confederate service. He was first employed in some unsuccessful operations in western Virginia, and in February 1862 became

commander

COMMANDER

of the Confederate forces at Fort Donelson, from which he fled with his second in command, General

Gideon

GIDEON (in Hebrew, perhaps " hewer " or " warrior ")

Pillow

PILLOW (O. Eng. pylu; Lat. pulvinus, a cushion)

, on the night of February 18, leaving General Simon B. Buckner to surrender to General Grant. A fortnight later President

Davis

relieved him of his command. He died at Abingdon, Virginia, on the 26th of August 1863.

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