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Encyclopedia Britannica



FLOORCLOTH

This article appears in Volume V10, Page 527 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: FLA-FRA
FLOORCLOTH , a rough
flannel
 
cloth
  used for domestic cleaning; also a generic
term
  applied to a variety of materials used in place of carpets for covering floors, and known by such
trade
  names as kamptulicon, oil-
cloth
 , linoleum, corticine,
cork
 -
carpet
 , &c. Kamptulicon (Ka).ar6s, flexible, obXos, thick) was patented in 1844 by E.
Galloway
 , but did not attract much attention till about 1862. It was essentially a preparation of indiarubber masticated up with ground
cork
 , and rolled out into sheets between heavy steam-heated rollers, sometimes over a backing of canvas. Owing to its expensiveness, it has given place to cheaper materials serving the same purpose. Oil-cloth is a coarse canvas which has received a number of coats of thick oil paint, each coat being rubbed smooth with
pumice
  stone before the application of the next. Its surface is ornamented with patterns printed in oil colours by means of wooden blocks. Linoleum (linum, flax, oleum, oil), patented by F. Walton in 186o and 1863, consists of oxidized linseed oil and ground cork. These ingredients, thoroughly incorporated with the addition of certain gummy and resinous matters, and of pigments such as ochre and
oxide
  of iron as required, are pressed on to a rough canvas backing between steam-heated rollers. Patterns may be printed on its surface with oil paint, or by an improved method may be inlaid with coloured composition so that the colours are continuous through the thickness of the linoleum, instead of being on the surface only, and thus do not disappear with
wear
 . Lincrusta-Walton is a similar material to linoleum, also having oxidized linseed oil as its base, which is stamped out in embossed patterns and used as a covering for walls.


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