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Encyclopedia Britannica



FLAGELLATA

This article appears in Volume V10, Page 464 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: FLA-FRA
FLAGELLATA , the name given to the Protozoa whose dominant phase is a " flagellula," or cell-
body
  provided with one, few or rarely many
long
  actively vibratile, cytoplasmic processes. Nutrition is variable: (r) " Holozoic "; food taken in by ingestion, by amoeboid action either unspecialized or at one or more well-defined oral spots, or through an aperture (mouth); (2) " Saprophytic " ; food taken in in solution through the general surface of the
body
 ; (3) " Holophytic "; food-material formed in the coloured plasm by fixation of carbon from the
medium
 , with liberation of oxygen, in presence of light, as in green
plants
 . Fission in the " active " state occurs and is usually longitudinal. Multiple fission rarely occurs
save
  in a sporocyst, and produces microzoospores, which in some cases may conjugate with others as isogametes or with larger forms. (megagametes). " Hypnocysts " to tide over unfavourable conditions are not infrequent, but have no necessary relation to reproduction. Many have a firm pellicle which may form a hard shell: again a distinct cell-
wall
  of chitin or cellulose may be formed: finally, an open cup, " theca," of firm or gelatinous material may be present, with or without a stalk: such a cup and stalk are often found in colonial species, and are subject to much the same conditions as in
Infusoria
 . The nucleus is simple in most cases; but in Haemoflagellates it is connected with a second nucleus, which again is in immediate relation with the motile apparatus; the former is termed the " trophonucleus," the latter the " kineto-nucleus."
As reserves the protoplasm may contain oil,
starch
 , paramylum, leucosin (a substance soluble in water, and of doubtful composition), proteid granules. In the holophytic forms the cytoplasm contains specialized parts of more or less definite form,29 30 I


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